Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · 16 authors, 20 centres
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This narrative review from the International Myopia Institute examines the epidemiology, etiology, and management of high myopia (≤−6 D) in infants and young children, concluding that it is a rare condition (prevalence <1%) with a different etiological pattern than older children. The authors emphasize that clinical management requires a complex, often multidisciplinary process prioritizing identification of associated syndromic or systemic diagnoses.
The authors report that high myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%, and its etiology differs from that in older children, featuring a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The review describes the diagnostic priority of identifying associated syndromic or systemic medical diagnoses through clinical history, biometric evaluation, ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, and genetic testing. The authors note a lack of evidence for myopia control interventions in this population and recommend close monitoring when therapeutic interventions are used.
