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other·infectious disease, immunology, oncology, preclinical research, biomedical research·PMC10609278

Immunoinformatic Execution and Design of an Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Vaccine with Multiple Epitopes Triggering Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Microorganisms · 10 authors, 11 centres

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TL;DR

This in silico study computationally designed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoproteins. The designed construct was predicted to be antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic, and to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses in silico.

Full summary

663 CHARS

The vaccine construct was analyzed for its physicochemical properties, showing it was antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Population coverage analysis predicted the vaccine would cover 70.59% of the Malaysian population and 93.98% of the world population. Immune simulations suggested the candidate could trigger short-lived innate and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. The study is a dry-lab, computational design and does not include any wet-lab, animal, or human experiments. Its primary limitation is the lack of experimental validation, and the findings are theoretical predictions requiring further in vitro and in vivo studies for confirmation.

STUDY TYPE

other

SPECIALTY

infectious disease

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AI pipeline

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10609278

Immunoinformatic Execution and Design of an Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Vaccine with Multiple Epitopes Triggering Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Microorganisms

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ABSTRACT

Abstract One of the most important breakthroughs in healthcare is the development of vaccines. The life cycle and its gene expression in the numerous virus-associated disorders must be considered when choosing the target vaccine antigen for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The vaccine candidate used in the current study will also be effective against all other herpesvirus strains, based on the conservancy study, which verified that the protein is present in all herpesviruses. From the screening, two B-cell epitopes, four MHC-I, and five MHC-II restricted epitopes were chosen for further study. The refined epitopes indicated 70.59% coverage of the population in Malaysia and 93.98% worldwide. After removing the one toxin (PADRE) from the original vaccine design, it was projected that the new vaccine would not be similar to the human host and would instead be antigenic, immunogenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. The vaccine construct was stable, thermostable, soluble, and hydrophilic. The immunological simulation projected that the vaccine candidate would be subject to a long-lasting active adaptive response and a short-lived active innate response. With IgM concentrations of up to 450 cells per mm 3 and active B-cell concentrations of up to 400 cells per mm 3 , the B-cells remain active for a considerable time. The construct also discovered other conformational epitopes, improving its ability to stimulate an immune response. This suggests that, upon injection, the epitope will target the B-cell surface receptors and elicit a potent immune response. Furthermore, the discotope analysis confirmed that our conformational B-cell epitope was not displaced during the design. Lastly, the docking complex was stable and exhibited little deformability under heat pressure. These computational results are very encouraging for future testing of our proposed vaccine, which may potentially help in the management and prevention of EBV infections worldwide. Keywords: computational tools, vaccine designs, in silico, immunoinformatics, dry lab

CITATION EXPORT

Naveed Ahmed, Ali A Rabaan, Ameen S S Alwashmi et al.. Immunoinformatic Execution and Design of an Anti-Epstein–Barr Virus Vaccine with Multiple Epitopes Triggering Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Microorganisms. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102448

AUTHORS

10 · 11 CENTRES

Naveed Ahmed, Ali A Rabaan, Ameen S S Alwashmi, Hawra Albayat, Mutaib M Mashraqi, Ahmad A Alshehri, Mohammed Garout, Wesam A Abduljabbar, Nik Yusnoraini Yusof, Chan Yean Yean

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
2Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
3College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
5Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
6Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
7Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
8Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]
9Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
10Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
11Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia