Nature Communications · 13 authors, 6 centres
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A dietary intervention trial in 200 pre-diabetic adults compared a personalized postprandial glucose-targeting (PPT) diet with a standard Mediterranean (MED) diet, assessing effects on oral and gut microbiome, serum metabolites, and cytokines. The PPT diet produced significant changes in more microbial species and serum metabolites than the MED diet, and gut microbiome composition mediated the diet's effects on glycemic, metabolic, and immune measurements.
This study evaluated the impact of two dietary interventions on the oral and gut microbiome, serum metabolites, and cytokines of 200 pre-diabetic individuals. Participants were assigned to either a personalized postprandial glucose-targeting (PPT) diet or a standard Mediterranean (MED) diet. The PPT group showed significant changes in 19 gut microbial species, 14 gut and one oral microbial pathways, 86 serum metabolites, and four cytokines. The MED group showed significant changes in five gut and one oral microbial species, 18 gut microbial pathways, 27 serum metabolites, and four cytokines. Mediation analyses demonstrated that gut microbiome composition at both species and pathway levels modulates the diet's effect on glycemic, metabolic, and immune measurements. A predictive model showed that 12.25% of the variance in 127 metabolites can be explained by changes in species composition. The gut microbiome was more dynamic than the oral microbiome at the compositional level, while the opposite held at the strain-genetic level.
