SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWrheumatology, geriatrics

narrative_review·rheumatology, geriatrics, immunology, internal medicine, clinical nutrition·PMC10017626

Inflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · 4 authors, 1 centre

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This narrative review discusses the concept of frailty within the context of immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis. The authors describe frailty as a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors resulting from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems. They outline two primary conceptual models for assessing frailty: Fried's physical frailty phenotype and Rockwood's cumulative deficit method. The review reports that frailty prevalence ranges from 7 to 10% in those over 65 years of age up to 40% in octogenarians, and identifies IMRDs as leading causes of frailty in developing countries.

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narrative_review

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rheumatology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10017626

Inflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

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ABSTRACT

Frailty is a new concept in rheumatology that can help identify people more likely to have less favorable outcomes. Sarcopenia and inflammaging can be regarded as the biological foundations of physical frailty. Frailty is becoming more widely accepted as an indicator of ageing and is linked to an increased risk of negative outcomes such as falls, injuries, and mortality. Frailty identifies a group of older adults that seem poorer and more fragile than their age-matched counterparts, despite sharing similar comorbidities, demography, sex, and age. Several studies suggest that inflammation affects immune-mediated pathways, multimorbidity, and frailty by inhibiting growth factors, increasing catabolism, and by disrupting homeostatic signaling. Frailty is more common in the community-dwelling population as people get older, ranging from 7 to 10% in those over 65 years up to 40% in those who are octogenarians. Different parameters have been validated to identify frailty. These primarily relate to two conceptual models: Fried’s physical frailty phenotype and Rockwood’s cumulative deficit method. Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis, are leading causes of frailty in developing countries. The aim of this review was to quantitatively synthesize published literature on the prevalence of frailty in IMRDs and to summarize current evidence on the relevance and applicability of the most widely used frailty screening tools.

CITATION EXPORT

Fausto Salaffi, Andrea Di Matteo, Sonia Farah et al.. Inflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-022-08943-z

AUTHORS

4 · 1 CENTRES

Fausto Salaffi, Andrea Di Matteo, Sonia Farah, Marco Di Carlo

grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani” Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035 Jesi Ancona, Italy