Is bladder outlet obstruction rat model to induce overactive bladder (OAB) has similarity to human OAB? Research on the events in smooth muscle, collagen, interstitial cell and telocyte distribution

BMC Research Notes · 5 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

This preclinical study used a minimally invasive technique to induce bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in female rats, creating an overactive bladder (OAB) model. The central result was that histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy findings in the rat bladders at 6 and 8 weeks showed increased collagen, an excess distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and the presence of telocytes, which are morphological changes stated to be similar to those found in human OAB.

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The study aimed to evaluate whether a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) mimics human overactive bladder (OAB) by examining cellular changes. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham, BOO 6 weeks, and BOO 8 weeks groups (n=10 per group). BOO was induced via a minimally invasive urethral obstruction. Bladders were analyzed using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed thinner urothelium, increased collagen between muscle bundles, excess distribution of ICCs, and frequent telocytes situated between collagen fibers. Findings were comparable between the 6 and 8-week groups. The authors conclude that the BOO rat model produced OAB with morphological changes similar to human OAB, including stable collagen content and ICC/telocyte distribution, suggesting these cells may contribute to OAB pathophysiology. Limitations include the lack of voiding pattern recording, metabolic studies, or investigation of changes after relieving the obstruction.

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other

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10785408

Is bladder outlet obstruction rat model to induce overactive bladder (OAB) has similarity to human OAB? Research on the events in smooth muscle, collagen, interstitial cell and telocyte distribution

BMC Research Notes

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ABSTRACT

Background Cellular and cytoskeletal events of overactive bladder (OAB) have not been sufficiently explored in human bladder due to different limitations. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) had been induced in different animal models with different methods to induce (OAB). Similarity of the animal models of BOO to the human OAB is postulated but has not been confirmed. The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and telocytes (TCs) are an important players in smooth muscles conductivity, they had not been well investigated in the previous BOO models. Objectives are to investigate the morphological pattern of cellular, cytoskeleton and telocytes distribution in BOO rat model and to match the events in two time periods and compare it to the findings in real-world human OAB. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats ( Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into: sham (n = 10), BOO 6 W (n = 10), BOO 8 W (n = 10). Operative procedure to Induce BOO was done under anesthesia with intraperitoneal Ketamine administration. The Effect of induction of BOO was evaluated after 6 and 8 weeks. The rats were anesthetized, and the urinary bladder was removed, while the rat was unconscious under anaesthesia it was transferred to the inhalation anaesthesia cage for euthanasia, rats were sacrificed under light anesthesia using isoflurane. Care of animals, surgical procedure, and euthanasia adhered to Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. The retrieved bladder was processed for examination with histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (EM). Results Histological examination of the bladder shows thinner urothelium, condensation of collagen between muscle bundles. IHC with c-kit shows the excess distribution of ICCs between smooth muscle bundles. EM shows frequent distribution of TCs that were situated between collagen fibers. Finings in BOO 6 W group and BOO 8 W group were comparable. Conclusion The animal model study demonstrated increased collagen/ smooth muscle ratio, high intensity of ICCs and presence of TCs. Findings show that a minimally invasive procedure to induce BOO in rats had resulted in an OAB that has morphological changes that were stable in 6 & 8 weeks. We demonstrated the distribution of TCs and ICCs in the rat animal model and defined them. The population of TCs in the BOO rat model is described for the first time, suggests that the TCs and ICCs may contribute to the pathophysiology of OAB. Similarity of animal model to human events OAB was demonstrated. These findings warrant further study to define the role of TCs in OAB. Clinical trial registry The study does not require a clinical trial registration; it is an experimental animal study in basic science and does not include human subjects.

CITATION EXPORT

Mohamed Wishahi, Sarah Hassan, Nabawya Kamal et al.. Is bladder outlet obstruction rat model to induce overactive bladder (OAB) has similarity to human OAB? Research on the events in smooth muscle, collagen, interstitial cell and telocyte distribution. BMC Research Notes. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06681-9

AUTHORS

5 · 3 CENTRES

Mohamed Wishahi, Sarah Hassan, Nabawya Kamal, Mohamed Badawy, Ehab Hafiz

1https://ror.org/04d4dr544grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Urology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O. 30, Warrak El-Hadar, Cairo, Imbaba, Giza, 12411 Egypt
2https://ror.org/04d4dr544grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Pathology and Electron microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
3https://ror.org/04d4dr544grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Anesthesia, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt