Journal of Neural Transmission · 4 authors, 3 centres
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This narrative review summarizes evidence from animal models and limited clinical studies on the potential benefits of a ketogenic diet for mood disorders like major depressive disorder. It highlights potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms but notes a significant lack of data on sex-specific effects.
This narrative review synthesizes preclinical and limited clinical evidence on the ketogenic diet (KD) for mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. The authors review proposed mechanisms from animal studies, such as improved mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative stress, and modulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and monoaminergic circuits, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. They also note the role of the gut microbiome as a potential mediator. While small clinical studies suggest possible benefits, the evidence remains preliminary. A key limitation highlighted is the paucity of data on sex-specific effects, as animal studies show contradictory results and clinical research is lacking. The review concludes that more preclinical and clinical studies including both sexes are needed to understand the effects of KD on mental health.
