Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?

Nutrients · 5 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

The authors conclude that while ketone-related approaches show promise, further research is warranted to support their clinical adoption.

Full summary

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The authors conclude that although KD appears to be a promising addition to MNT for managing DM, further research is required to support its adoption.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

endocrinology

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10609881

Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?

Nutrients

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ABSTRACT

Abstract In glucose-deprived conditions, ketone bodies are produced by the liver mitochondria, through the catabolism of fatty acids, and are used peripherally, as an alternative energy source. Ketones are produced in the body under normal conditions, including during pregnancy and the neonatal period, when following a ketogenic diet (KD), fasting, or exercising. Additionally, ketone synthesis is also augmented under pathological conditions, including cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), alcoholism, and several metabolic disorders. Nonetheless, diet is the main regulator of total body ketone concentrations. The KDs are mimicking the fasting state, altering the default metabolism towards the use of ketones as the primary fuel source. Recently, KD has gained recognition as a medical nutrition therapy for a plethora of metabolic conditions, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present review aims to discuss the role of ketones, KDs, ketonemia, and ketonuria in DM, presenting all the available new evidence in a comprehensive manner. Keywords: low-carbohydrate diet, low glycemic index, middle-chain triglycerides, carbohydrate restriction, weight loss, obesity, prediabetes, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate

CITATION EXPORT

Stavroula Veneti, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Evangelia Kintiraki et al.. Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?. Nutrients. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204383

AUTHORS

5 · 2 CENTRES

Stavroula Veneti, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Evangelia Kintiraki, Gesthimani Mintziori, Dimitrios G Goulis

1Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (E.K.);
2Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece