SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWgastroenterology, nutrition

narrative_review·gastroenterology, nutrition, clinical nutrition, immunology, biomedical research·PMC10216541

Links between Diet, Intestinal Anaerobes, Microbial Metabolites and Health

Biomedicines · 4 authors, 1 centre

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes evidence that diet is a major driver in shaping the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, which in turn impacts host health through mechanisms like metabolite production and immune system development.

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Central conclusions highlight the microbiota's role in metabolism, immunity, and systemic processes like brain and cardiovascular health, with metabolites acting as key mediators. The review notes that while technological advances have improved understanding of microbial composition, the functional impact of specific species and their interactions remains less clear.

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narrative_review

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gastroenterology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10216541

Links between Diet, Intestinal Anaerobes, Microbial Metabolites and Health

Biomedicines

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ABSTRACT

Abstract A dense microbial community resides in the human colon, with considerable inter-individual variability in composition, although some species are relatively dominant and widespread in healthy individuals. In disease conditions, there is often a reduction in microbial diversity and perturbations in the composition of the microbiota. Dietary complex carbohydrates that reach the large intestine are important modulators of the composition of the microbiota and their primary metabolic outputs. Specialist gut bacteria may also transform plant phenolics to form a spectrum of products possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Consumption of diets high in animal protein and fat may lead to the formation of potentially deleterious microbial products, including nitroso compounds, hydrogen sulphide, and trimethylamine. Gut anaerobes also form a range of secondary metabolites, including polyketides that may possess antimicrobial activity and thus contribute to microbe–microbe interactions within the colon. The overall metabolic outputs of colonic microbes are derived from an intricate network of microbial metabolic pathways and interactions; however, much still needs to be learnt about the subtleties of these complex networks. In this review we consider the multi-faceted relationships between inter-individual microbiota variation, diet, and health. Keywords: microbial symbiosis, host interactions, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, dietary macro-nutrients, short-chain fatty acids, butyrate, bacteriocins

CITATION EXPORT

Sylvia H Duncan, Elena Conti, Liviana Ricci et al.. Links between Diet, Intestinal Anaerobes, Microbial Metabolites and Health. Biomedicines. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051338

AUTHORS

4 · 1 CENTRES

Sylvia H Duncan, Elena Conti, Liviana Ricci, Alan W Walker

1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; [email protected] (E.C.); [email protected] (A.W.W.)