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cohort·epidemiology, public health, internal medicine, clinical trial, observational study·PMC10618985

Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-management of chronic conditions among high-risk adults in the USA: protocol for the C3 observational cohort study

BMJ Open · 17 authors, 6 centres

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TL;DR

The paper describes the protocol for the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (C3) observational cohort study.

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The paper describes the protocol for the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (C3) observational cohort study. The study will collect data via survey waves and electronic health records over 5 years following the pandemic's onset. The primary aims are to evaluate changes from pre-pandemic baseline in lifestyle, healthcare use, and chronic disease outcomes; to determine how stress, anxiety, and depression trajectories contribute to health outcomes; and to identify mediating or moderating factors. Methods include latent group and mixed-effects modeling. Key limitations noted are potential attrition bias and limited generalizability due to the convenience sample of primarily urban, older adults.

STUDY TYPE

cohort

SPECIALTY

epidemiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10618985

Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-management of chronic conditions among high-risk adults in the USA: protocol for the C3 observational cohort study

BMJ Open

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 is an unprecedented public health threat in modern times, especially for older adults or those with chronic illness. Beyond the threat of infection, the pandemic may also have longer-term impacts on mental and physical health. The COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions (‘C3’) study offers a unique opportunity to assess psychosocial and health/healthcare trajectories over 5 years among a diverse cohort of adults with comorbidities well-characterised from before the pandemic, at its onset, through multiple surges, vaccine rollouts and through the gradual easing of restrictions as society slowly returns to ‘normal’. Methods and analysis The C3 study is an extension of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of ‘high-risk’ adults (aged 23–88 at baseline) with one or more chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five active studies with uniform data collection prior to COVID-19 were leveraged to establish the C3 cohort; 673 adults in Chicago were interviewed during the first week of the outbreak. The C3 cohort has since expanded to include 1044 participants across eight survey waves (T 1 –T 8 ). Four additional survey waves (T 9 –T 12 ) will be conducted via telephone interviews spaced 1 year apart and supplemented by electronic health record and pharmacy fill data, for a total of 5 years of data post pandemic onset. Measurement will include COVID-19-related attitudes/behaviours, mental health, social behaviour, lifestyle/health behaviours, healthcare use, chronic disease self-management and health outcomes. Mental health trajectories and associations with health behaviours/outcomes will be examined in a series of latent group and mixed effects modelling, while also examining mediating and moderating factors. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (STU00215360). Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study. Keywords: COVID-19, EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES, Public health, MENTAL HEALTH, Patient Reported Outcome Measures

CITATION EXPORT

Rebecca Lovett, Sarah Filec, Morgan Bonham et al.. Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-management of chronic conditions among high-risk adults in the USA: protocol for the C3 observational cohort study. BMJ Open. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077911

AUTHORS

17 · 6 CENTRES

Rebecca Lovett, Sarah Filec, Morgan Bonham, Julia Yoshino Benavente, Rachel O'Conor, Andrea Russell, Pauline Zheng, Guisselle Wismer, Esther Yoon, Sophia Weiner-Light, Abigail Vogeley, Mary Morrissey Kwasny, Sarah Lowe, Laura M Curtis, Alex Federman, Stacy C Bailey, Michael Wolf

1Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
2General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
3Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
4Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
5Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
6Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA