Low body mass index is associated with poor treatment outcome following radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Radiation Oncology Journal · 2 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

In a retrospective analysis of 50 patients with non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, underweight patients (BMI <18.5 kg/m²) had significantly worse progression-free and overall survival following radiotherapy in univariate analysis, though BMI was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Advanced T stage was also correlated with low pre-treatment BMI.

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This retrospective study analyzed 50 patients with non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate whether pre-treatment BMI was associated with survival following radiotherapy. The 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 26.3% and 69.2%, respectively. In univariate analysis, underweight status (BMI <18.5 kg/m²) was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (p = 0.011) and decreased overall survival (p = 0.003), and positive N status was also associated with poor progression-free survival (p = 0.017). However, BMI was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Advanced T stage (T3/T4) was significantly correlated with low pre-treatment BMI (p = 0.01).

STUDY TYPE

case-control

SPECIALTY

oncology

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10073840

Low body mass index is associated with poor treatment outcome following radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Radiation Oncology Journal

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ABSTRACT

Purpose We aimed to determine whether patients with esophageal cancer with a low baseline body mass index (BMI) have a poor prognosis following radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 50 patients with esophageal cancer to determine whether a low starting BMI (before RT) was associated with a poor outcome. All study participants were diagnosed with non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results The number of patients at each T stage were as follows: 7 (14%) patients at T1, 18 (36%) at T2, 19 (38%) at T3, and 6 (12%) at T4. Based on BMI, 7 (14%) patients were defined as underweight. A low BMI was common in patients with T3/T4 stage esophageal cancer (7/43, p = 0.01). Overall, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 26.3% and 69.2%, respectively. In univariate analysis, clinical factors associated with poor PFS included being underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2; p = 0.011) and a positive N status (p = 0.017). Univariate analysis also revealed that being underweight was associated with a decrease in OS (p = 0.003). However, being underweight was not an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Conclusion Patients with esophageal SCC with a low starting BMI (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) are more prone to have a negative survival outcome following RT than patients who are considered to be normal weight or overweight. For this reason, it is important that clinicians pay more attention to BMI when treating patients with esophageal SCC.

CITATION EXPORT

Ji-young Lee, Yunseon Choi. Low body mass index is associated with poor treatment outcome following radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiation Oncology Journal. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2022.00640

AUTHORS

2 · 2 CENTRES

Ji-young Lee, Yunseon Choi

1Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
2Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea