SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALcardiology, public health

cross-sectional·cardiology, public health, epidemiology, pediatrics, nutrition·PMC10259807

Low prevalence of ideal levels in cardiovascular behavior metrics among Mexican adolescents

BMC Public Health · 10 authors, 6 centres

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study assessed cardiovascular health metrics in 228 Mexican college freshmen and found low rates of ideal levels for diet and physical activity. Most participants met ideal targets for BMI and non-smoking, but very few achieved ideal levels for overall diet quality.

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A cross-sectional study of 228 freshman college adolescents (mean age 18.5±0.4 years, 55.6% men) in Northwest Mexico evaluated cardiovascular behavior metrics using AHA criteria. Specifically, only 10% achieved an ideal level for sugar-sweetened beverages and 4.8% for processed meats, while 87.8% met the ideal level for fish and shellfish intake. Men had poorer dietary habits and higher blood pressure but better physical activity levels than women. The findings indicate a high-risk group for developing cardiovascular complications early in adulthood, highlighting the need for targeted interventions promoting heart-healthy behaviors.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

cardiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10259807

Low prevalence of ideal levels in cardiovascular behavior metrics among Mexican adolescents

BMC Public Health

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ABSTRACT

Background Lifestyle changes when transitioning from high-school to college expose students to unhealthy behaviors associated with high cardiovascular risk. The study aimed to assess the cardiovascular behavior metrics according to the AHA criteria, in freshman college adolescents from Northwest Mexico. Methods The study was cross-sectional. Demographics and health history were collected by questionnaires. Four behaviors were evaluated: diet quality using a duplicated FFQ, physical activity (PA) using the IPAQ, smoking, and body mass index (BMI) percentile; blood pressure was measured as a biological metric. Intakes were averaged and summed for each food group; sodium and saturated fat were calculated using the Mexican System of Food Equivalents or the USDA Database. Metrics were categorized into ideal, intermediate or poor level according to the AHA criteria. Diet outliers (± 3 SD) were trimmed and data was tested for normality. Mean±SD were calculated for continuous and percentages for categorical variables. Chi-square test compared the prevalence of demographic variables and levels of each cardiovascular metric by sex. Independent T-test evaluated differences in anthropometrics, dietary, and PA by sex, and the prevalence of ideal vs. non-ideal dietary intakes. Results Participants were n = 228, 55.6% men, age = 18.5±0.4 y. A higher prevalence of men indicated working, playing sports, and family history hypertriglyceridemia (p < 0.05). Men showed higher weight, height, BMI, waist, blood pressure, and lower PA and body fat (p < 0.05). Concerning diet quality, significant differences by sex were observed in nuts and seeds (1.1±0.6 and 0.9±0.6 oz/week, p = 0.042) and processed meats (749.8±639 and 503.6±300.3 g/week, p = 0.002); only fish and shellfish group reached AHA recommendations (513.1 ± 450.7 vs. 501.7 ± 428 g/week, p = 0.671) for men and women, respectively. Ideal level was reached by 70.9% participants for BMI percentile, 87% for smoking, 67.2% for blood pressure, 25.9% for PA, and 12.2% for diet score. Regarding food groups and nutrients, the lower prevalence in the ideal level was for sugar-sweetened beverages (10%, p = 0.013) and processed meats (4.8%, p = 0.208), and the highest for fish and shellfish (87.8%, p = 0.281) . Conclusions The diet and PA patterns of Northwest Mexican freshman adolescents make them a high-risk group for developing long-term unhealthy habits and cardiovascular complications early in adulthood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15959-3.

CITATION EXPORT

Ricardo Terminel-Zaragoza, Mariana Angulo-Urías, Iván de Jesús Toledo-Domínguez et al.. Low prevalence of ideal levels in cardiovascular behavior metrics among Mexican adolescents. BMC Public Health. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15959-3

AUTHORS

10 · 6 CENTRES

Ricardo Terminel-Zaragoza, Mariana Angulo-Urías, Iván de Jesús Toledo-Domínguez, Hebert Quintero-Portillo, Cecilia Ivonne Bojórquez-Díaz, Gabriela Ulloa-Mercado, Pablo Gortares-Moroyoqui, Mayra Arias-Gastélum, Fátima Legarreta-Muela, Ana Rentería-Mexía

1grid.466844.c0000 0000 9963 8346Maestría en Ciencias en Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
2grid.466844.c0000 0000 9963 8346Licenciatura en Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
3grid.466844.c0000 0000 9963 8346Departamento de Sociocultural, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora México
4grid.466844.c0000 0000 9963 8346Departamento de Unidad Navojoa, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Navojoa, Sonora México
5grid.466844.c0000 0000 9963 8346Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
6grid.412863.a0000 0001 2192 9271Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México