SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWophthalmology, retina

narrative_review·ophthalmology, retina, epidemiology, systematic review·PMC10570864

Mechanistic Insight into Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Anatomy, Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Prevention, Implications, and Treatment Strategies to Pace AMD Management

Chonnam Medical Journal · 5 authors, 3 centres

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AGENT 01 · STRUCTURED SUMMARY

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TL;DR

The central conclusion is that AMD involves systemic factors including genetic, environmental, autoimmune, and non-autoimmune contributors, and that effective management requires multifactorial approaches incorporating personalized genetic information alongside lifestyle and pharmacological interventions.

Full summary

149 CHARS

The review describes AMD as a chronic illness characterized by gradual vision impairment from degeneration of the photoreceptor-dense central retina.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10570864

Mechanistic Insight into Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Anatomy, Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Prevention, Implications, and Treatment Strategies to Pace AMD Management

Chonnam Medical Journal

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ABSTRACT

Abstract One of the most complicated eye disorders is age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which is the leading cause of irremediable blindness all over the world in the elderly. AMD is classified as early stage to late stage (advanced AMD), in which this stage is divided into the exudative or neovascular form (wet AMD) and the nonexudative or atrophic form (dry AMD). Clinically, AMD primarily influences the central area of retina known as the macula. Importantly, the wet form is generally associated with more severe vision loss. AMD has a systemic component, where many factors, like aging, genetic, environment, autoimmune and non-autoimmune disorders are associated with this disease. Additionally, healthy lifestyles, regular exercise, maintaining a normal lipid profile and weight are crucial to decreasing the risk of AMD. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies for limiting AMD should encompass a variety of factors to avoid and improve drug interventions, and also need to take into account personalized genetic information. In conclusion, with the development of technology and research progress, visual impairment and legal blindness from AMD have been substantially reduced in incidence. This review article is focused on identifying and developing the knowledge about the association between genetics, and etiology with AMD. We hope that this review will encourage researchers and lecturers, open new discussions, and contribute to a better understanding of AMD that improves patients’ visual acuity, and upgrades the quality of life of AMD patients. Keywords: Macular Degeneration, Neovascularization, Inflammation

CITATION EXPORT

Mohammad Amin Amini, Ashkan Karbasi, Mohammad Vahabirad et al.. Mechanistic Insight into Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Anatomy, Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Prevention, Implications, and Treatment Strategies to Pace AMD Management. Chonnam Medical Journal. (2023). https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2023.59.3.143

AUTHORS

5 · 3 CENTRES

Mohammad Amin Amini, Ashkan Karbasi, Mohammad Vahabirad, Masoud Khanaghaei, Aida Alizamir

1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
2Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
3Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.