SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWophthalmology, preclinical research

narrative_review·ophthalmology, preclinical research, biomedical research, retina, cornea·PMC10142951

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review

Pharmaceutics · 5 authors, 4 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes preclinical studies published between 2017 and 2022 examining MSC-derived exosomes as therapeutic agents for anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases. The central finding is that MSC-derived exosomes can overcome key limitations of traditional MSC therapy—such as poor biocompatibility, limited tissue penetration, and immunological rejection—by rapidly crossing biological barriers and delivering immunomodulatory and trophic factors to target ocular tissues.

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This narrative literature review examined studies published between 2017 and 2022 on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes and their biological functions in treating ocular diseases. The authors discuss the properties of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue-repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory capacities. A key advantage highlighted is that MSC-derived exosomes possess nano-dimensions enabling rapid penetration of biological barriers and delivery to immune-privileged ocular organs. The review covers applications across anterior and posterior segment diseases, as well as potential for exosome-based drug delivery. Limitations acknowledged include challenges remaining in preclinical studies, and no direct human clinical trial data are presented.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10142951

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review

Pharmaceutics

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ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has exhibited rapid growth. Due to their regenerative, reparatory, and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have been widely investigated as therapeutic agents in the cell-based treatment of chronic ophthalmic pathologies. However, the applicability of MSC-based therapy is limited by suboptimal biocompatibility, penetration, and delivery to the target ocular tissues. An emerging body of research has elucidated the role of exosomes in the biological functions of MSCs, and that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties similar to MSCs. The recent advances in MSCs-derived exosomes can serve as solutions to the challenges faced by MSCs-therapy. Due to their nano-dimensions, MSC-derived exosomes can rapidly penetrate biological barriers and reach immune-privileged organs, allowing for efficient delivery of therapeutic factors such as trophic and immunomodulatory agents to ocular tissues that are typically challenging to target by conventional therapy and MSCs transplantation. In addition, the use of EVs minimizes the risks associated with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. In this literature review, we focus on the studies published between 2017 and 2022, highlighting the characteristics of EVs derived from MSCs and their biological functions in treating anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of EVs in clinical settings. Rapid advancements in regenerative medicine and exosome-based drug delivery, in conjunction with an increased understanding of ocular pathology and pharmacology, hold great promise for the treatment of ocular diseases. The potential of exosome-based therapies is exciting and can revolutionize the way we approach these ocular conditions.

CITATION EXPORT

Kevin Y. Wu, Hamza Ahmad, Grace Lin et al.. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041167

AUTHORS

5 · 4 CENTRES

Kevin Y. Wu, Hamza Ahmad, Grace Lin, Marjorie Carbonneau, Simon D. Tran

1Department of Surgery—Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
2Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
3Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
4Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Bianca Vezzani