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TL;DR
In male mice, supplementation with the gut microbiota-derived metabolite d-malate inhibited skeletal muscle growth and reduced angiogenesis, while aged mice showed significantly elevated d-malate levels.
EMBO Reports · 14 authors, 4 centres
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In male mice, supplementation with the gut microbiota-derived metabolite d-malate inhibited skeletal muscle growth and reduced angiogenesis, while aged mice showed significantly elevated d-malate levels.
D-malate supplementation reduced body weight gain, decreased muscle mass and fiber diameter, changed muscle fiber type, and reduced the number of arterioles and capillaries in skeletal muscle. D-malate had no direct effect on C2C12 myoblast proliferation or differentiation but significantly inhibited vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Limitations include use of only male mice and incomplete identification of d-malate-producing bacterial strains.