Indian Journal of Ophthalmology · 2 authors, 1 centre
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This narrative review summarizes anatomical and physiological barriers to ocular drug delivery and evaluates nanocarrier-based formulation strategies aimed at improving targeted, sustained drug delivery to anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The authors conclude that nanocarrier systems have the potential to reduce administration frequency, side effects, and treatment costs while improving bioavailability for ocular diseases.
This narrative review examines the challenges of delivering drugs to the eye, particularly the posterior segment, due to anatomical and physiological barriers such as lachrymal outflow, differential lipophilicity of ocular layers, counter flow of aqueous humor, and corneal and retinal pigment epithelium permeability. The authors describe conventional routes of administration—including topical, systemic, and intravitreal injections—and their respective limitations. They review various nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems as potential solutions for achieving controlled, targeted delivery to ocular tissues. As this is a narrative review with no original experimental or clinical data, all conclusions regarding nanocarrier efficacy are based on previously published literature rather than new evidence.
