SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALpublic health, epidemiology

cross-sectional·public health, epidemiology, nutrition, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology·PMC10492227

National monitoring of iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status in toddlers and women of childbearing age – results and lessons learned from a pilot study in Norway

Food & Nutrition Research · 6 authors, 5 centres

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to test a design for collecting biological samples from Norwegian mother-child pairs to inform a national monitoring program.

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This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to test a design for collecting biological samples from Norwegian mother-child pairs to inform a national monitoring program. In 2021, 55 pairs were recruited via 38 health clinics, far below the target of 400 due to COVID-19 disruptions and recruitment challenges. Spot urine samples from toddlers showed a median iodine concentration of 123 µg/L, and from mothers, 83 µg/L.

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cross-sectional

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public health

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AI pipeline

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10492227

National monitoring of iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status in toddlers and women of childbearing age – results and lessons learned from a pilot study in Norway

Food & Nutrition Research

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Norway is lacking a population-based national monitoring program for iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status. Objective The aim of this study was to pilot-test a study design for collecting biological samples from a country-representative sample of 2-year-old children and their mothers and to report results for iodine, salt, and vitamin D at baseline, before initiation of salt iodization in Norway. Design In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 2-year-old children and their mothers during the routine 2-year check-up through 38 randomly selected health clinics in 2021. Spot urine samples were analyzed for iodine, creatinine, and sodium, and dried blood spots from the mothers were analyzed for thyroglobulin (Tg) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Results We aimed at including 400 mother–child pairs but recruited only 55 pairs. Major challenges were closed health clinics due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of motivation of the health personnel to prioritize recruiting, missing information about non-participation, and high workload for participants. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 123 (95% CI: 76, 228) µg/L in the toddlers and 83 (95% CI: 72, 99) µg/L in the mothers. The median urinary sodium concentration (UNaC) was 62 (95% CI: 37, 91) mmol/L in the toddlers and 93 (95% CI: 77, 107) mmol/L in the mothers. Of the mothers, 18% had levels of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L (suboptimal status). Discussion and conclusion Lessons learned from the pilot study will be used to design a national monitoring program for toddlers and women of childbearing age in Norway. The results indicate that 2-year-old children and women of childbearing age in Norway may have inadequate iodine intakes at the group level, while for vitamin D, most of the mothers had adequate status. Keywords: iodine, iodine status, iodine fortification, national monitoring program, thyroglobulin, salt intake, salt excretion, child health, Norway, vitamin D

CITATION EXPORT

Synne Groufh-Jacobsen, Marianne Hope Abel, Anne Lise Brantsæter et al.. National monitoring of iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status in toddlers and women of childbearing age – results and lessons learned from a pilot study in Norway. Food & Nutrition Research. (2023). https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.9088

AUTHORS

6 · 5 CENTRES

Synne Groufh-Jacobsen, Marianne Hope Abel, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Maria Andersson, Haakon E Meyer, Sigrun Henjum

1Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
2Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
3Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
4Nutrition Research Unit, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
5Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway