cohort·epidemiology, public health, pediatrics, neurology, nutrition·PMC10182429
Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India
JAMA Network Open · 36 authors, 27 centres
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SES and BMI moderated the associations, with children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and lower BMI showing greater vulnerability.
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Arsenic exposure was measured via urinary arsenic and was best correlated with food intake, particularly rice. The study found that low-level arsenic exposure was associated with a neurocognitive syndrome of executive function deficits including attention, working memory, set shifting, cognitive flexibility, and risk-taking. These deficits were mediated by cortical volumetric anomalies (altered GMV in the IFC, insula, ACC, and ITC) and reduced within-network functional connectivity in cognitive, visual, and sensorimotor domains. SES and BMI moderated the association, with children from lower SES backgrounds and low BMI showing greater vulnerability. However, causality cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional and observational nature of the data, and the urinary arsenic measure is subject to daily variation.
