SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWneurology, psychiatry

narrative_review·neurology, psychiatry, nutrition, immunology, public health·PMC10490318

Neuroimmunological Effect of Vitamin D on Neuropsychiatric Long COVID Syndrome: A Review

Nutrients · 7 authors, 12 centres

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TL;DR

The review synthesizes existing evidence on vitamin D's immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects but concludes that further clinical trials are needed.

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However, the authors note this is a foundation for further exploration and state that additional epidemiological, experimental, and randomized controlled trials are required to substantiate and translate these proposed effects. The review does not present original data but compiles potential therapeutic roles based on current evidence.

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narrative_review

SPECIALTY

neurology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10490318

Neuroimmunological Effect of Vitamin D on Neuropsychiatric Long COVID Syndrome: A Review

Nutrients

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ABSTRACT

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is now recognized as a multiorgan disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. A substantial proportion of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 are experiencing persistent, prolonged, and often incapacitating sequelae, collectively referred to as long COVID. To date, definitive diagnostic criteria for long COVID diagnosis remain elusive. An emerging public health threat is neuropsychiatric long COVID, encompassing a broad range of manifestations, such as sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, brain fog, and fatigue. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the neuropsychiatric complications of long COVID are presently not fully elucidated, neural cytolytic effects, neuroinflammation, cerebral microvascular compromise, breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), thrombosis, hypoxia, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and provoked neurodegeneration are pathophysiologically linked to long-term neuropsychiatric consequences, in addition to systemic hyperinflammation and maladaptation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid, is a potent immunomodulatory hormone with potential beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory responses, neuroprotection, monoamine neurotransmission, BBB integrity, vasculometabolic functions, gut microbiota, and telomere stability in different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting through both genomic and nongenomic pathways. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the potential mechanisms and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric long COVID syndrome and the plausible neurological contributions of vitamin D in mitigating the effects of long COVID.

CITATION EXPORT

Ting-Bin Chen, Ching-Mao Chang, Cheng-Chia Yang et al.. Neuroimmunological Effect of Vitamin D on Neuropsychiatric Long COVID Syndrome: A Review. Nutrients. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173802

AUTHORS

7 · 12 CENTRES

Ting-Bin Chen, Ching-Mao Chang, Cheng-Chia Yang, I-Ju Tsai, Cheng-Yu Wei, Hao-Wen Yang, Chun-Pai Yang

1Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; [email protected]
2Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; [email protected]
3Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
4Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
5Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; [email protected]
6Department of Medical Research, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan; [email protected]
7Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
8Department of Neurology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
9Department of Family Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
10Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
11Department of Nutrition, HungKuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
12Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Herbert Ryan Marini