Number of antenatal care visits and associated factors among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa using recent demographic and health survey data from 2008–2019: A multilevel negative binomial regression model

PLOS Global Public Health · 7 authors, 5 centres

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TL;DR

The central result was a mean of 3.83 ANC visits.

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The central result was a mean of 3.83 ANC visits. Significant positive associations included older maternal age, higher education, richer wealth status, and media exposure. Negative associations included grand multiparity, rural residence, and, in some analyses, unplanned pregnancy. Community-level factors like region and country income were also significant. The findings suggest that socioeconomic and geographic disparities are key drivers of ANC visit frequency in the region.

STUDY TYPE

cohort

SPECIALTY

obstetrics and gynecology

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AI pipeline

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10022079

Number of antenatal care visits and associated factors among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa using recent demographic and health survey data from 2008–2019: A multilevel negative binomial regression model

PLOS Global Public Health

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Antenatal care is one of the best strategies for maternal and neonatal mortality reduction. There is a paucity of evidence on the mean number of ANC visits and associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to investigate the mean number of ANC visits and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Demographic and Health Survey conducted from 2008 to 2019. Method A total of 256,425 weighted numbers of women who gave birth five years before the survey were included. We used STATA version 14 for data management and analysis. A multilevel negative binomial regression model was fitted. Finally, the Adjusted Incident Rate Ratio (AIRR) with its 95% CI confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. Results The mean number of ANC visits among women who gave birth five years before the survey in SSA was 3.83 (95% CI = 3.82, 3.84) Individual-level factors such as being aged 36–49 years (AIRR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.18,1.21), having secondary education &above (AIRR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.42, 1.45), having rich wealth status (AIRR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.09), media exposure (AIRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.09,1.11), and grand multiparity (AIRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.89, 0.91) were significantly associated with the number of ANC visits. Furthermore, rural residence (AIRR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.89, 0.91), Western SSA region (AIRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.20) and being from a middle-income country (AIRR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.10) were community-level factors that had a significant association with the number of ANC visits. Conclusion The mean number of ANC visits in SSA approximates the minimum recommended number of ANC visits by the World Health Organization. Women’s educational status, women’s age, media exposure, parity, planned pregnancy, wealth status, residence, country’s income, and region of SSA had a significant association with the frequency of ANC visits. This study suggests that addressing geographical disparities and socio-economic inequalities will help to alleviate the reduced utilization of ANC services.

CITATION EXPORT

Fetene Getnet Gebeyehu, Bisrat Misganaw Geremew, Aysheshim Kassahun Belew et al.. Number of antenatal care visits and associated factors among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa using recent demographic and health survey data from 2008–2019: A multilevel negative binomial regression model. PLOS Global Public Health. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001180

AUTHORS

7 · 5 CENTRES

Fetene Getnet Gebeyehu, Bisrat Misganaw Geremew, Aysheshim Kassahun Belew, Melkamu Aderajew Zemene, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Jitendra Kumar Singh

1Department of Epidemiology, Gambella Regional Health Bureau, Gambella, Ethiopia
2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
3Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
4Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
5Janaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, NEPAL