cross-sectional·nutrition, dietetics, epidemiology, endocrinology, public health·PMC10421777
Nut and seed consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in females but not males: findings from the 2005–2018 NHANES data
European Journal of Nutrition · 6 authors, 3 centres
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This cross-sectional study of US adults found that habitual consumption of nuts and/or seeds at or below 15 grams per day was associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome and some of its components, but this association was observed only in females, not in males.
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Habitual nut and seed intakes were estimated from two 24-hour dietary recalls. The primary outcome was metabolic syndrome, ascertained using biochemical data and self-reported medication use. Sex-specific logistic and linear regressions were performed, adjusting for lifestyle and socioeconomic confounders. The central result was that female habitual consumers of nuts or seeds had lower odds of metabolic syndrome compared to non-consumers (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.71, 0.97), while no such association was found in males. In females, combined nut and seed intake up to 15 grams per day was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, high fasting glucose, central obesity, and low HDL-cholesterol. The study is limited by its cross-sectional design, which cannot establish causation, and the very low intake of seeds among participants.
