Oil-Based Double Emulsion Microcarriers for Enhanced Stability and Bioaccessibility of Betalains and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. dillenii Green Extracts

Foods · 5 authors, 3 centres

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Formulation A (Tween 20) had lower droplet sizes (1.75 µm) and greater storage stability, while Formulation B (caseinate) had larger droplets (29.03 µm) but was predicted to be more stable based on zeta potential values above 30 in absolute value. Encapsulation efficiencies ranged from 98 to 73.7% for betalains, 68.2 to 96.6% for flavonoids, and 70.2 to 71% for piscidic acid, with Formulation B generally achieving greater efficiencies.

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food science

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10253192

Oil-Based Double Emulsion Microcarriers for Enhanced Stability and Bioaccessibility of Betalains and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. dillenii Green Extracts

Foods

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Opuntia cactus fruit (prickly pear flesh and agricultural residues such as peels and stalks) is an important source of bioactive compounds, including betalains and phenolic compounds. In this work, two double emulsion W 1 /O/W 2 formulations (A and B) were designed to encapsulate green extracts rich in betalains and phenolic compounds obtained from Opuntia stricta var. dillenii ( OPD ) fruits with the aim of improving their stability and protecting them during the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. In addition, the characterization of the double emulsions was studied by microscopy and the evaluation of their physical and physico-chemical parameters. Formulation A, based on Tween 20, showed smaller droplets (1.75 µm) and a higher physical stability than Formulation B, which was achieved with sodium caseinate (29.03 µm). Regarding the encapsulation efficiency of the individual bioactives, betalains showed the highest values (73.7 ± 6.7 to 96.9 ± 3.3%), followed by flavonoids (68.2 ± 5.9 to 95.9 ± 7.7%) and piscidic acid (71 ± 1.3 to 70.2 ± 5.7%) depending on the formulation and the bioactive compound. In vitro digestive stability and bioaccessibility of the individual bioactives increased when extracts were encapsulated for both formulations (67.1 to 253.1%) in comparison with the non-encapsulated ones (30.1 to 64.3%), except for neobetanin. Both formulations could be considered as appropriate microcarrier systems for green OPD extracts, especially formulation A. Further studies need to be conducted about the incorporation of these formulations to develop healthier foods. Keywords: Opuntia stricta var. dillenii fruits, betalin and phenolic green extracts, double emulsions, in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, microscopic studies, bioactive bioaccessibility

CITATION EXPORT

Sara Parralejo-Sanz, Iván Gómez-López, Erika González-Álvarez et al.. Oil-Based Double Emulsion Microcarriers for Enhanced Stability and Bioaccessibility of Betalains and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. dillenii Green Extracts. Foods. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112243

AUTHORS

5 · 3 CENTRES

Sara Parralejo-Sanz, Iván Gómez-López, Erika González-Álvarez, Mara Montiel-Sánchez, M Pilar Cano

1Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Functionality of Plant Foods, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (S.P.-S.); [email protected] (I.G.-L.); [email protected] (E.G.-Á.); [email protected] (M.M.-S.)
2Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
3Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz 91897, Mexico