Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Approaches to Treat Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Cureus · 12 authors, 13 centres

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TL;DR

This comprehensive narrative literature review compared surgical approaches for colorectal cancer resection.

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This comprehensive narrative literature review compared surgical approaches for colorectal cancer resection. The review synthesized existing literature to evaluate perioperative outcomes, complications, and survival rates among open, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques. Central results indicate that minimally invasive surgeries (laparoscopic and robotic) demonstrated significant improvements in short-term outcomes compared to open surgery, but found no significant difference in overall disease-free survival, local recurrence, or distant metastasis rates. The implications suggest that while robotic and laparoscopic methods are safe and feasible alternatives to open surgery, especially for complex cases, the choice depends on patient characteristics, surgeon expertise, and available resources.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

surgery

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10259746

Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Approaches to Treat Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Literature

Cureus

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ABSTRACT

Surgery is usually required to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Medical technology has advanced, providing various approaches to tackle this disease. Different surgeries are available, such as laparoscopic surgery, single-incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, and robotic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery has several benefits including reduced blood loss and shorter recovery time. It can also improve lung function and minimize complications. However, it requires more time to perform and has a higher risk of complications during the procedure. Robotic surgery provides a three-dimensional view of the surgical area allowing for greater precision in rectal surgeries and access to difficult-to-reach pelvic regions. This method utilizes robotics technology which reduces surgical time and speeds up recovery for patients. There are various surgical options available for treating CRC; however, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery offer unique advantages despite their own drawbacks. As technology continues to evolve, medical techniques will continue improving existing methods while providing new options resulting in better outcomes for patients. Compared to laparoscopy, robotic surgery has a lower rate of operative conversions and a shorter learning curve. However, it also has some drawbacks, such as a longer docking time, lack of tactile sensation, and higher cost. Therefore, the choice of surgical method should depend on patient characteristics, surgeon preference and expertise, and available resources. Currently, specialized centers offer robotic surgeries which are more expensive and take longer compared to open and laparoscopic approaches. Nonetheless, they are considered safe and feasible when compared to traditional surgery. Short-term outcomes for robotic surgeries are better, while long-term postoperative complication rates remain similar. However, there is a need for additional well-defined randomized control trials conducted across multiple centers to validate the use of robotic surgery over open and laparoscopic approaches. Improving patient care and outcomes is the objective of this comprehensive literature overview on surgical approaches for CRC.

CITATION EXPORT

Jessica Vilsan, Sai Aditya Maddineni, Nayab Ahsan et al.. Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Approaches to Treat Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Cureus. (2023). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38956

AUTHORS

12 · 13 CENTRES

Jessica Vilsan, Sai Aditya Maddineni, Nayab Ahsan, Midhun Mathew, Nikhila Chilakuri, Nilay Yadav, Eduardo J Munoz, Muhammad A Nadeem, Kiran Abbas, Waleed Razzaq, Zain U Abdin, Moiz Ahmed

1 Surgery, Dr Bhausaheb Sardesai Talegaon Rural Hospital, Pune, IND
2 Surgery, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
3 Surgery, UChicago Medicine AdventHealth GlenOaks, Glen Oaks, USA
4 Internal Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PAK
5 Internal Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
6 Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
7 General Physician, Rama Medical College, Kanpur, IND
8 Surgery, Montemorelos University, Montemorelos, MEX
9 Medicine and Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
10 Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
11 Internal Medicine, Services Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK
12 Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK
13 Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Alexander Muacevic, John R Adler