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other·epidemiology, public health, infectious disease, biomedical research, research methods·PMC10619637

Opportunities to Interrupt Transmission of Enteropathogens of Poultry Origin in Maputo, Mozambique: A Transmission Model Analysis

Environmental Health Perspectives · 6 authors, 6 centres

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TL;DR

Researchers developed multipathway transmission models for Campylobacter and Salmonella calibrated with data from Maputo, Mozambique to estimate the impact of reducing each transmission pathway on human infection.

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Models were calibrated using local prevalence data and pathway-attributable fraction estimates via sampling-importance resimulation. Using local survey and microbiology data, a 90% reduction in broiler chicken meat contamination at informal markets was estimated to reduce total Campylobacter and Salmonella infection by 21% (16–26%) and 12% (10–13%), respectively. Limitations include fixed recovery and shedding rates due to lack of time-series data and exclusion of animal-to-environment feedback loops. Results suggest that controlling foodborne transmission is essential for meaningfully reducing these enteropathogens.

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other

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epidemiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10619637

Opportunities to Interrupt Transmission of Enteropathogens of Poultry Origin in Maputo, Mozambique: A Transmission Model Analysis

Environmental Health Perspectives

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ABSTRACT

Background: The burden of diarrheal diseases remains high among children in low-income countries. Enteropathogens are challenging to control because they are transmitted via multiple pathways. Chickens are an important animal protein source, but live chickens and their products are often highly contaminated with enteropathogens. Objectives: We conducted this study to a ) understand the contribution of multiple transmission pathways to the force of infection of Campylobacter spp. and nontyphoidal Salmonella spp., b ) quantify the potential impact of reducing each pathway on human infection, and c ) quantify hypothesized pathway reduction from the context of Maputo, Mozambique. Methods: We developed transmission models for Campylobacter and Salmonella that captured person-to-person, water-to-person, food-to-person, soil-to-person, animal-to-person, and all-other-sources-to-person in an urban, low-income setting in Mozambique. We calibrated these models using prevalence data from Maputo, Mozambique and estimates of attributable fraction of transmission pathways for the region. We simulated the prevalence of human infection after reducing transmission through each pathway. Results: Simulation results indicated that if foodborne transmission were reduced by 90%, the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella infection would decline by [52.2%; 95% credible interval (CrI): 39.7, 63.8] and (46.9%; 95% CrI: 39, 55.4), respectively. Interruption of any other pathway did not have a substantial impact. Combined with survey and microbiology data, if contamination of broiler chicken meat at informal markets in Maputo could be reduced by 90%, the total infection of Campylobacter and Salmonella could be reduced by 21% (16–26%) and 12% (10–13%), respectively. Discussion: Our transmission models showed that the foodborne transmission has to be reduced to control enteropathogen infections in our study site, and likely in other similar contexts, but mitigation of this transmission pathway has not received sufficient attention. Our model can serve as a tool to identify effective mitigation opportunities to control zoonotic enteropathogens. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12314

CITATION EXPORT

Kayoko Shioda, Andrew F. Brouwer, Frederica Lamar et al.. Opportunities to Interrupt Transmission of Enteropathogens of Poultry Origin in Maputo, Mozambique: A Transmission Model Analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12314

AUTHORS

6 · 6 CENTRES

Kayoko Shioda, Andrew F. Brouwer, Frederica Lamar, Hermógenes N. Mucache, Karen Levy, Matthew C. Freeman

1Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
2Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
3Boston University Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston, MA
4Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
5Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
6Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA