Redox Biology · 7 authors, 1 centre
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This narrative review synthesizes how an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses contributes to the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases affecting the ocular surface, lens, retina, and optic nerve. It concludes that oxidative stress is a central aspect in the development of these conditions and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting this mechanism.
This narrative review summarizes the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases. The authors describe how the eye's anatomy and physiology, including exposure to light and high metabolic activity, predispose it to ROS generation. They detail how factors like UV radiation, aging, inflammation, and metabolic disease can disrupt redox balance, contributing to pathologies such as dry eye disease, pterygium, keratoconus, age-related cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. The review synthesizes evidence from preclinical and clinical literature to support the role of oxidative damage in apoptosis, inflammation, and tissue dysfunction within ocular structures. The implications suggest that targeting oxidative stress pathways, such as through antioxidant supplementation or Nrf2 regulation, holds therapeutic promise, though clinical validation is needed.
