Current Nutrition Reports · 8 authors, 3 centres
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This narrative review summarizes the pathophysiology of PCOS and evaluates nutritional interventions including Mediterranean and ketogenic diets, bariatric surgery, and nutraceutical supplementation. The central finding is that lifestyle and dietary interventions can improve insulin resistance, hormonal profiles, and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS, but insufficient long-term data exist to establish an optimal nutritional strategy.
This narrative review synthesized literature from PubMed (155 items identified) covering pathophysiology and nutritional interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The review discusses the central role of insulin resistance in PCOS pathophysiology and evaluates multiple dietary approaches—including the Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, and nutraceutical supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. However, the authors note that long-term compliance with the ketogenic diet is a limiting factor, and that poor data currently support the efficacy, safety, and long-term health benefits of any specific nutritional approach. The review concludes that no single optimal treatment exists and that individualized, combined therapeutic strategies addressing each patient's predominant phenotype are warranted.
