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systematic_review·biomedical research, preclinical research, research methods·PMC10098592

Physiological and Biomechanical Monitoring in American Football Players: A Scoping Review

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 6 authors, 1 centre

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TL;DR

It highlighted that concussion is a complex multidimensional event not solely dependent on impact severity.

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The review organized literature into categories including biomechanics of concussion, footwear interactions, sport-specific movements, physiological monitoring, and performance tracking. The most researched area was concussion biomechanics, with studies demonstrating that concussion is a complex multidimensional event influenced by impact location, frequency, head posture, and neck muscle activation patterns. Research using wearable and portable sensors for monitoring external and internal workloads represented the second largest branch. Limitations included the exclusion of studies on youth populations and certain training procedures, as well as the reliance on simulated environments for footwear-field interaction studies. The authors recommended expanding wearable sensor use for heart rate monitoring, investigating non-invasive temperature extraction, and exploring contactless methods such as video and radar analysis for sport motion biomechanics.

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systematic_review

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biomedical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10098592

Physiological and Biomechanical Monitoring in American Football Players: A Scoping Review

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

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ABSTRACT

Abstract American football is the sport with the highest rates of concussion injuries. Biomedical engineering applications may support athletes in monitoring their injuries, evaluating the effectiveness of their equipment, and leading industrial research in this sport. This literature review aims to report on the applications of biomedical engineering research in American football, highlighting the main trends and gaps. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and gathered a total of 1629 records from PubMed (n = 368), Web of Science (n = 665), and Scopus (n = 596). The records were analyzed, tabulated, and clustered in topics. In total, 112 studies were selected and divided by topic in the biomechanics of concussion (n = 55), biomechanics of footwear (n = 6), biomechanics of sport-related movements (n = 6), the aerodynamics of football and catch (n = 3), injury prediction (n = 8), heat monitoring of physiological parameters (n = 8), and monitoring of the training load (n = 25). The safety of players has fueled most of the research that has led to innovations in helmet and footwear design, as well as improvements in the understanding and prevention of injuries and heat monitoring. The other important motivator for research is the improvement of performance, which has led to the monitoring of training loads and catches, and studies on the aerodynamics of football. The main gaps found in the literature were regarding the monitoring of internal loads and the innovation of shoulder pads. Keywords: American football, bioengineering, sport, injuries, wearable sensor, portable sensor

CITATION EXPORT

Antonio Nocera, Agnese Sbrollini, Sofia Romagnoli et al.. Physiological and Biomechanical Monitoring in American Football Players: A Scoping Review. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073538

AUTHORS

6 · 1 CENTRES

Antonio Nocera, Agnese Sbrollini, Sofia Romagnoli, Micaela Morettini, Ennio Gambi, Laura Burattini

1Department of Information Engineering, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy