BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · 5 authors, 8 centres
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 observational studies found that women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) may have increased risks for preterm delivery, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and low birth weight, while women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) may have lower risks for preterm delivery and low birth weight. The certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes.
This systematic review and meta-analysis included 23 observational studies identified through searches of PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL Complete. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and evidence certainty using GRADE. Meta-analyses were performed for women with HG, showing associations with preeclampsia (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.35), preterm delivery (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.61), small for gestational age (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.35), and low birth weight (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.44). A higher fetal female/male ratio was also observed (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.60). For women with NVP, meta-analyses were not performed, but most studies indicated lower risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight and higher risk for small for gestational age. All evidence was graded as very low certainty due to confounding, heterogeneity, and imprecision across included studies.
