SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWophthalmology, retina

narrative_review·ophthalmology, retina, preclinical research, biomedical research, antioxidants·PMC10044808

Polyunsaturated Lipids in the Light-Exposed and Prooxidant Retinal Environment

Antioxidants · 2 authors, 2 centres

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It also discusses the role of lifestyle factors, such as nutrients like xanthophylls, in providing a fourth level of protection.

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It also discusses the role of lifestyle factors, such as nutrients like xanthophylls, in providing a fourth level of protection.

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narrative_review

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ophthalmology

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10044808

Polyunsaturated Lipids in the Light-Exposed and Prooxidant Retinal Environment

Antioxidants

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ABSTRACT

Abstract The retina is an oxidative stress-prone tissue due to high content of polyunsaturated lipids, exposure to visible light stimuli in the 400–480 nm range, and high oxygen availability provided by choroidal capillaries to support oxidative metabolism. Indeed, lipids’ peroxidation and their conversion into reactive species promoting inflammation have been reported and connected to retinal degenerations. Here, we review recent evidence showing how retinal polyunsaturated lipids, in addition to oxidative stress and damage, may counteract the inflammatory response triggered by blue light-activated carotenoid derivatives, enabling long-term retina operation despite its prooxidant environment. These two aspects of retinal polyunsaturated lipids require tight control over their synthesis to avoid overcoming their protective actions by an increase in lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress. We review emerging evidence on different transcriptional control mechanisms operating in retinal cells to modulate polyunsaturated lipid synthesis over the life span, from the immature to the ageing retina. Finally, we discuss the antioxidant role of food nutrients such as xanthophylls and carotenoids that have been shown to empower retinal cells’ antioxidant responses and counteract the adverse impact of prooxidant stimuli on sight. Keywords: oxidative metabolism, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, elovanoids, xanthophylls, saffron, photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, blue light, age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

CITATION EXPORT

Biancamaria Longoni, Gian Carlo Demontis. Polyunsaturated Lipids in the Light-Exposed and Prooxidant Retinal Environment. Antioxidants. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030617

AUTHORS

2 · 2 CENTRES

Biancamaria Longoni, Gian Carlo Demontis

1Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
2Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy