SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWinfectious disease, public health

narrative_review·infectious disease, public health, biomedical research, research methods·PMC10054641

Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2 authors, 2 centres

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This paper is a narrative review that evaluates current COVID-19 diagnostic methods (rRT-qPCR, antigen/antibody tests, CT scans) and their significant limitations, including invasiveness, cost, delay, and variable accuracy. The authors summarize preclinical and early clinical evidence for the potential of e-noses and canine olfactory detection to identify presymptomatic or asymptomatic infections. The review argues that such rapid, low-cost, point-of-care tools could enable more frequent population screening to suppress viral transmission. The central implication is that e-nose technologies, combined with VOC biomarker research, hold promise for improving public health surveillance, though the paper does not present original experimental data.

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narrative_review

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infectious disease

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10054641

Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

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ABSTRACT

Abstract The established efficacy of electronic volatile organic compound (VOC) detection technologies as diagnostic tools for noninvasive early detection of COVID-19 and related coronaviruses has been demonstrated from multiple studies using a variety of experimental and commercial electronic devices capable of detecting precise mixtures of VOC emissions in human breath. The activities of numerous global research teams, developing novel electronic-nose (e-nose) devices and diagnostic methods, have generated empirical laboratory and clinical trial test results based on the detection of different types of host VOC-biomarker metabolites from specific chemical classes. COVID-19-specific volatile biomarkers are derived from disease-induced changes in host metabolic pathways by SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogenesis. The unique mechanisms proposed from recent researchers to explain how COVID-19 causes damage to multiple organ systems throughout the body are associated with unique symptom combinations, cytokine storms and physiological cascades that disrupt normal biochemical processes through gene dysregulation to generate disease-specific VOC metabolites targeted for e-nose detection. This paper reviewed recent methods and applications of e-nose and related VOC-detection devices for early, noninvasive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, metabolomic (quantitative) COVID-19 disease-specific chemical biomarkers, consisting of host-derived VOCs identified from exhaled breath of patients, were summarized as possible sources of volatile metabolic biomarkers useful for confirming and supporting e-nose diagnoses. Keywords: COVID-19, early disease diagnosis, e-nose devices, disease-specific biomarkers, metabolomic biomarkers, metabolite profiles, pathophysiology, point-of-care testing, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

CITATION EXPORT

Alphus Dan Wilson, Lisa Beth Forse. Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062887

AUTHORS

2 · 2 CENTRES

Alphus Dan Wilson, Lisa Beth Forse

1Pathology Department, Center for Forest Health & Disturbance, Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Biology, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
2Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA

Alphus Dan Wilson, Lisa Beth Forse. Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23062887