SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALepidemiology, public health

cross-sectional·epidemiology, public health, infectious disease, pediatrics·PMC10348586

Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among children in pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities in the Adadle woreda of the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · 17 authors, 7 centres

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This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) during the wet season (May-June 2021) among 366 children aged 2 to 5 years across eight kebeles in Adadle woreda, Ethiopia. Stool samples were analyzed using Kato-Katz and direct smear methods, and risk factors were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models accounting for clustering. Children aged 36 to 47 months had higher odds of A. lumbricoides infection (aOR 1.92). Limitations include reliance on a single stool sample per child, potential underestimation of true IPI prevalence due to diagnostic sensitivity constraints, and exclusion of children receiving antibiotics.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

epidemiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10348586

Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among children in pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities in the Adadle woreda of the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

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ABSTRACT

Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) can cause illness, morbidity, and occasional mortality in children. Agro-pastoralist and pastoralist children in the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia (ESRS) are especially at risk for IPIs, as access to safe water, sanitation, and health services is lacking. Minimal data on the prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors exists in this region. Methodology We assessed the prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors during the wet season from May-June 2021 in 366 children aged 2 to 5 years in four agro-pastoralist and four pastoralist kebeles (wards) in Adadle woreda (district) of the Shebelle zone, ESRS. Household information, anthropometric measurements, and stool samples were obtained from included children. Parasites were identified microscopically using Kato-Katz and direct smear methods. Risk factors were assessed using general estimating equation models accounting for clustering. Principal findings Overall prevalence of IPIs was 35%: 30.6% for single infections and 4.4% for poly-parasitic infections. Intestinal protozoan prevalence was 24.9%: 21.9% Giardia intestinalis , and 3.0% Entamoeba spp.. Intestinal helminth prevalence was 14.5%: 12.8% Ascaris lumbricoides , 1.4% hookworm ( Ancylostoma duodenale / Necator americanus .), and 0.3% Hymenolepis nana . G . intestinalis infection was associated with drinking water sourced from the river (aOR 15.6, 95%CI 6.84, 35.4) and from collected rainwater (aOR 9.48, 95%CI 3.39, 26.5), with toilet sharing (aOR 2.93, 95%CI 1.36, 6.31) and with household ownership of cattle (1–5 cattle: aOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.13, 2.41; 6+ cattle: aOR 2.07, 95%CI 1.33, 3.21) and chickens (aOR 3.80, 95%CI 1.77, 8.17). A . lumbricoides infection was associated with children 36 to 47 months old (aOR 1.92, 95%CI 1.03, 3.58). Conclusions/Significance Improving access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene services in Adadle and employing a One Health approach would likely improve the health of children living in (agro-) pastoralist communities in Adadle and the ESRS; however, further studies are required.

CITATION EXPORT

Kayla C. Lanker, Abdifatah M. Muhummed, Guéladio Cissé et al.. Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among children in pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities in the Adadle woreda of the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011448

AUTHORS

17 · 7 CENTRES

Kayla C. Lanker, Abdifatah M. Muhummed, Guéladio Cissé, Jakob Zinsstag, Jan Hattendorf, Ramadan Budul Yusuf, Shamil Barsenga Hassen, Rea Tschopp, Pascale Vonaesch, Uwem Friday Ekpo, Francesca Tamarozzi, Uwem Friday Ekpo, Francesca Tamarozzi, Uwem Friday Ekpo, Francesca Tamarozzi, Uwem Friday Ekpo, Francesca Tamarozzi

1 Human and Animal Health Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
2 Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
3 Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
4 Ecosystem Health Sciences Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
5 One Health Unit, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
6 Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, NIGERIA

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Uwem Friday Ekpo