Prostate Cancer Microvascular Routes: Exploration and Measurement Strategies

Life · 9 authors, 4 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes the multiple angiogenic mechanisms implicated in prostate cancer, including sprouting angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and vascular co-option.

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This narrative review examines the diverse strategies by which prostate cancer secures its blood supply, covering sprouting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, vascular co-option, mosaic vessel formation, vasculogenic mimicry, conversion of cancer stem-like cells into tumor endothelial cells, and vascular pruning. The authors discuss the physical and geometrical challenges of quantifying neovascularization through two-dimensional histopathological slices, noting that the intricate vascular architecture is difficult to interpret with conventional methods. The review highlights that the tumor microenvironment and the equilibrium between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors drive vascular variability. The authors propose that fractal geometry, computer-aided automated image analysis, and three-dimensional modeling may address current measurement obstacles.

STUDY TYPE

narrative_review

SPECIALTY

oncology

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AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10608780

Prostate Cancer Microvascular Routes: Exploration and Measurement Strategies

Life

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ABSTRACT

Angiogenesis is acknowledged as a pivotal feature in the pathology of human cancer. Despite the absence of universally accepted markers for gauging the comprehensive angiogenic activity in prostate cancer (PCa) that could steer the formulation of focused anti-angiogenic treatments, the scrutiny of diverse facets of tumoral blood vessel development may furnish significant understanding of angiogenic processes. Malignant neoplasms, encompassing PCa, deploy a myriad of strategies to secure an adequate blood supply. These modalities range from sprouting angiogenesis and vasculogenesis to intussusceptive angiogenesis, vascular co-option, the formation of mosaic vessels, vasculogenic mimicry, the conversion of cancer stem-like cells into tumor endothelial cells, and vascular pruning. Here we provide a thorough review of these angiogenic mechanisms as they relate to PCa, discuss their prospective relevance for predictive and prognostic evaluations, and outline the prevailing obstacles in quantitatively evaluating neovascularization via histopathological examinations.

CITATION EXPORT

Fabio Grizzi, Mohamed A. A. A. Hegazi, Matteo Zanoni et al.. Prostate Cancer Microvascular Routes: Exploration and Measurement Strategies. Life. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102034

AUTHORS

9 · 4 CENTRES

Fabio Grizzi, Mohamed A. A. A. Hegazi, Matteo Zanoni, Paolo Vota, Giovanni Toia, Maria Chiara Clementi, Cinzia Mazzieri, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Gianluigi Taverna

1Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; [email protected]
2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy; [email protected]
3Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, 21053 Varese, Italy; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (P.V.); [email protected] (G.T.); [email protected] (M.C.C.); [email protected] (C.M.)
4Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; [email protected]

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Paula A. Oliveira, Ana Faustino