SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALnephrology, nutrition

cross-sectional·nephrology, nutrition, internal medicine, epidemiology·PMC10204984

Protein energy wasting in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Benin City, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

PLOS ONE · 8 authors, 5 centres

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study of 250 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 125 healthy controls at a Nigerian teaching hospital found that the overall prevalence of protein energy wasting (PEW) was 33.3% among CKD patients, with zero prevalence in controls.

Full summary

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The overall PEW prevalence was 33.3% in CKD patients and 0% in controls. Limitations include use of a single anthropometric measure, lack of an appetite-specific questionnaire for anorexia assessment, a large proportion of newly diagnosed CKD patients, single-centre design, and exclusion of comorbidities such as heart failure from analysis.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

nephrology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10204984

Protein energy wasting in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Benin City, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

PLOS ONE

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ABSTRACT

Introduction Protein energy wasting (PEW) is common among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those with advanced stage. It worsens frailty, sarcopenia and debility in CKD patients. Despite the importance of PEW, it is not routinely assessed during management of CKD patients in Nigeria. The prevalence of PEW and its associated factors were determined in pre-dialysis CKD patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that involved 250 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 125 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. Body mass index (BMI), subjective global assessment (SGA) scores and serum albumin levels were used in PEW assessment. The factors associated with PEW were identified. P-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results The mean age of CKD and control group were 52.3±16.0 years and 50.5±16.0 years, respectively. The prevalence of low BMI, hypoalbuminaemia and malnutrition defined by SGA in pre-dialysis CKD patients were 42.4%, 62.0% and 74.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of PEW among the pre-dialysis CKD patients was 33.3%. On multiple logistic regression, the factors associated with PEW in CKD were being middle aged (adjusted odds ratio: 12.50; confidence interval: 3.42–45.00; p <0.001), depression (adjusted odds ratio: 2.34; confidence interval: 1.02–5.40; p = 0.046) and CKD stage 5 (adjusted odds ratio: 12.83; confidence interval: 3.53–46.60; p <0.001). Conclusion PEW is common in pre-dialysis CKD patients and it was associated with middle age, depression and advanced CKD. Early intervention aimed at addressing depression in early stages of CKD may prevent PEW and improve overall outcome in CKD patients.

CITATION EXPORT

Osariemen Augustine Osunbor, Evelyn Irobere Unuigbe, Enajite Ibiene Okaka et al.. Protein energy wasting in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Benin City, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286075

AUTHORS

8 · 5 CENTRES

Osariemen Augustine Osunbor, Evelyn Irobere Unuigbe, Enajite Ibiene Okaka, Oluseyi Ademola Adejumo, Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo, Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo, Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo, Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
2 Moonshine Elder Care Centre, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
4 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
University of Uyo / DaVita Healthcare Saudi Arabia, NIGERIA

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo