Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria

Scientific Reports · 8 authors, 5 centres

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AGENT 01 · STRUCTURED SUMMARY

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TL;DR

Method validation showed excellent linearity and recovery.

Full summary

371 CHARS

Method validation showed excellent linearity and recovery. Only three samples contained hydroquinone within the 2.0% (w/w) regulatory limit. The findings demonstrate that cosmetics with prohibited hazardous chemicals are readily available, highlighting a critical need for enhanced regulatory enforcement and routine quality control in Nigeria to protect consumer health.

STUDY TYPE

other

SPECIALTY

dermatology

SUMMARISED BY

AI pipeline

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100% · A

ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10684544

Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria

Scientific Reports

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ABSTRACT

Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the samples was determined using a UV-spectrophotometry method at 290 nm. Hg and As were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). UV-spectrophotometry method validation showed excellent linearity (r 2 = 0.9993), with limits of detection (0.75 µg/mL), limits of quantification (2.28 µg/mL), relative standard deviation (0.01–0.35%), and recovery (95.85–103.56%) in the concentration range of 5–50 µg/mL. Similarly, r 2 , LOD, and LOQ for Hg and As were 0.9983 and 0.9991, (0.5 and 1.0 µg/L) and 1.65 and 3.3 µg/L) respectively. All the samples contained hydroquinone, Hg and As in varying amounts. The amounts of hydroquinone, Hg and As present were in the ranges of 1.9–3.3%, 0.08–2.52 µg/g and 0.07–5.30 µg/g respectively. Only three of the analysed samples contained hydroquinone within the permissible limit of 2.0% w/w in cosmetic products. All the samples analysed contained mercury and arsenic in varying amounts. The need to periodically monitor the levels of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Nigeria is recommended.

CITATION EXPORT

Olasunkanmi David Bamidele, Blessing Ayomide Kayode, Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu et al.. Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria. Scientific Reports. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47160-2

AUTHORS

8 · 5 CENTRES

Olasunkanmi David Bamidele, Blessing Ayomide Kayode, Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu, Adebanjo Jonathan Adegbola, Raphael Segun Olatoye, Ngaitad Stanislaus Njinga, Sa’ad Toyin Abdullahi, Moji Taibat Bakare-Odunola

1https://ror.org/032kdwk38grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
2https://ror.org/05jhnwe22grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
3https://ror.org/04snhqa82grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
4https://ror.org/03wx2rr30grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
5https://ror.org/05np2xn95grid.442596.80000 0004 0461 8297Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria