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TL;DR
This narrative review summarizes the pathogenesis and recent drug therapy advances for Graves' ophthalmopathy, an autoimmune condition. It highlights that early intervention may alter the disease course and improve long-term outcomes.
International Ophthalmology · 8 authors, 3 centres
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This narrative review summarizes the pathogenesis and recent drug therapy advances for Graves' ophthalmopathy, an autoimmune condition. It highlights that early intervention may alter the disease course and improve long-term outcomes.
This narrative literature review synthesized published studies to provide an overview of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), focusing on pathogenesis and recent advances in medical therapy. The methods involved structured searches in PubMed and Web of Science for literature up to July 2022. The review describes the immune pathways and histopathologic changes underlying GO. A central conclusion is that early intervention of GO may alter the disease course and significantly improve long-term outcomes. The implications suggest that understanding the cytokine network and integrating immunology with pharmacology could advance GO management, though further studies are needed for safety and efficacy.