Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 5 authors, 1 centre

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TL;DR

It summarizes current understanding of the complex interactions between genetic, inflammatory, environmental, and aging factors in these diseases.

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It summarizes current understanding of the complex interactions between genetic, inflammatory, environmental, and aging factors in these diseases. The review outlines a range of therapeutic perspectives, including gene therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and novel pharmacological targets, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and advanced retinal imaging. The primary conclusion is that there is a promising outlook for future treatments, but continued research and clinical trials are needed.

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narrative_review

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

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AI pipeline

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10488251

Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Visual impairment and blindness are a growing public health problem as they reduce the life quality of millions of people. The management and treatment of these diseases represent scientific and therapeutic challenges because different cellular and molecular actors involved in the pathophysiology are still being identified. Visual system components, particularly retinal cells, are extremely sensitive to genetic or metabolic alterations, and immune responses activated by local insults contribute to biological events, culminating in vision loss and irreversible blindness. Several ocular diseases are linked to retinal cell loss, and some of them, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by pathophysiological hallmarks that represent possibilities to study and develop novel treatments for retinal cell degeneration. Here, we present a compilation of revisited information on retinal degeneration, including pathophysiological and molecular features and biochemical hallmarks, and possible research directions for novel treatments to assist as a guide for innovative research. The knowledge expansion upon the mechanistic bases of the pathobiology of eye diseases, including information on complex interactions of genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, and environmental and aging-related factors, will prompt the identification of new therapeutic strategies. Keywords: eye health, visual impairment, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, therapeutic strategies

CITATION EXPORT

João Gabriel Santos Rosa, Geonildo Rodrigo Disner, Felipe Justiniano Pinto et al.. Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713079

AUTHORS

5 · 1 CENTRES

João Gabriel Santos Rosa, Geonildo Rodrigo Disner, Felipe Justiniano Pinto, Carla Lima, Monica Lopes-Ferreira

1Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; [email protected] (J.G.S.R.); [email protected] (G.R.D.); [email protected] (F.J.P.); [email protected] (C.L.)