Safety profile of a multimodal fail-safe model to minimize postoperative complications in oncologic colorectal resections—a cohort study

Perioperative Medicine · 6 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

This study compared postoperative complications between two historical cohorts of colorectal cancer patients, finding that a multimodal 'fail-safe' perioperative protocol significantly reduced the rates of major complications and anastomotic leakage compared to a standard approach.

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The protocol included preoperative bowel preparation, a single perioperative antibiotic dose, on-table bowel irrigation, early sigmoidoscopic assessment for rectal resections, and a standard technique for tension-free anastomosis. The study has limitations, including its single-center, non-randomized design, retrospective data collection for the control group, and the inability to isolate the effect of individual protocol components. The findings suggest the multimodal approach is associated with reduced surgical complications in a clinical setting.

STUDY TYPE

cohort

SPECIALTY

surgery

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10007828

Safety profile of a multimodal fail-safe model to minimize postoperative complications in oncologic colorectal resections—a cohort study

Perioperative Medicine

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ABSTRACT

Background Despite innovations in surgical techniques, major complications following colorectal surgery still lead to a significant morbidity and mortality. There is no standard protocol for perioperative management of patients with colorectal cancer. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a multimodal fail-safe model in minimizing severe surgical complications following colorectal resections. Methods We compared major complications in patients with colorectal cancers who underwent surgical resections with anastomosis during 2013–2014 (control group) with patients treated during 2015–2019 (fail-safe group). The fail-safe group had preoperative bowel preparation and a perioperative single dose of antibiotics, on-table bowel irrigation and early sigmoidoscopic assessment of anastomosis in rectal resections. A standard surgical technique for tension-free anastomosis was adapted in the fail-safe approach. The chi-square test measured relationships between categorical variables, t -test estimated the probability of differences, and the multivariate regression analysis determined the linear correlation among independent and dependent variables. Results A total of 924 patients underwent colorectal operations during the study period; however, 696 patients had surgical resections with primary anastomoses. There were 427 (61.4%) laparoscopic and 230 (33.0%) open operations, while 39 (5.6%) laparoscopic procedures were converted. Overall, the rate of major complications (Dindo-Clavien grade IIIb–V) significantly reduced from 22.6% for the control group to 9.8% for the fail-safe group ( p < 0.0001). Major complications mainly occurred due to non-surgical reasons such as pneumonia, heart failure, or renal dysfunction. The rates of anastomotic leakage (AL) were 11.8% (22/186) and 3.7% ( n = 19/510) for the control and fail-safe groups, respectively ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion We report an effective multimodal fail-safe protocol for colorectal cancer during the pre-, peri-, and postoperative period. The fail-safe model showed less postoperative complications even for low rectal anastomosis. This approach can be adapted as a structured protocol during the perioperative care of patients for colorectal surgery. Trial registration This study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (Study ID: DRKS00023804 ).

CITATION EXPORT

Shahram Khadem, Jonas Herzberg, Human Honarpisheh et al.. Safety profile of a multimodal fail-safe model to minimize postoperative complications in oncologic colorectal resections—a cohort study. Perioperative Medicine. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13741-023-00291-6

AUTHORS

6 · 2 CENTRES

Shahram Khadem, Jonas Herzberg, Human Honarpisheh, Robert Maximilian Jenner, Salman Yousuf Guraya, Tim Strate

1Department of Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, Hamburger Strasse 41, 21465 Reinbek, Germany
2grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates