Heliyon · 8 authors, 8 centres
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This narrative review examines the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells, identifying ACE2 as the primary receptor alongside co-receptors and proteases. The review finds that diverse receptors across multiple human organs explain SARS-CoV-2's broad tissue tropism.
Two independent investigators screened titles and abstracts, identifying studies on interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human proteins. The review identifies ACE2 as the primary entry receptor, with TMPRSS2, Furin, Cathepsin L, and ADAM proteases playing critical roles in virus entry and pathogenesis. The authors note that SARS-CoV-2 displays tropism in various human organs due to its diverse receptors. Polymorphisms in ACE2 and mutations in the spike or its RBD region are linked to the emergence of variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The review discusses repurposed drugs such as Camostat Mesylate and Nafamostat Mesylate as viable pharmaceutical options.
