Some Aspects of the Physiology of the Nyctotherus velox , a Commensal Ciliated Protozoon Taken from the Hindgut of the Tropical Millipede Archispirostreptus gigas

Life · 10 authors, 3 centres

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TL;DR

The central result is that the protozoon grows best at 30 °C under anaerobic conditions with rice starch, and its microbial community exhibits a methanogenic fermentation pattern when fed plant polysaccharides.

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The study investigated the cultivation and physiology of the commensal ciliate Nyctotherus velox from the hindgut of the millipede Archispirostreptus gigas using in vitro xenic cultures. The authors found optimal growth at 30 °C in a buffered complex medium under anaerobic conditions with rice starch supplementation. The study demonstrated the protozoon's facultative anaerobic nature, as aerobic conditions led to death.

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other

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10223032

Some Aspects of the Physiology of the Nyctotherus velox , a Commensal Ciliated Protozoon Taken from the Hindgut of the Tropical Millipede Archispirostreptus gigas

Life

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ABSTRACT

Abstract In this paper, the growth requirements, fermentation pattern, and hydrolytic enzymatic activities of anaerobic ciliates collected from the hindgut of the African tropical millipede Archispirostreptus gigas are described. Single-cell molecular analysis showed that ciliates from the millipede hindgut could be assigned to the Nyctotherus velox and a new species named N. archispirostreptae n. sp. The ciliate N. velox can grow in vitro with unspecified prokaryotic populations and various plant polysaccharides (rice starch-RS, xylan, crystalline cellulose20-CC, carboxymethylcellulose-CMC, and inulin) or without polysaccharides (NoPOS) in complex reduced medium with soluble supplements (peptone, glucose, and vitamins). Specific catalytic activity (nkat/g of protein) of α amylase of 300, xylanase of 290, carboxymethylcellulase of 190, and inulinase of 170 was present in the crude protein extract of N. velox . The highest in vitro dry matter digestibility was observed in RS and inulin after 96 h of fermentation. The highest methane concentration was observed in xylan and inulin substrates. The highest short-chain fatty acid concentration was observed in RS, inulin, and xylan. In contrast, the highest ammonia concentration was observed in NoPOS, CMC, and CC. The results indicate that starch is the preferred substrate of the N. velox . Hydrolytic enzyme activities of N. velox showed that the ciliates contribute to the fermentation of plant polysaccharides in the gut of millipedes. Keywords: ciliates, hindgut protozoa, Nyctotherus , tropical millipedes, in vitro growth, enzymatic activities, polysaccharide fermentation

CITATION EXPORT

Svetlana Kišidayová, Nikola Scholcová, Katarína Mihaliková et al.. Some Aspects of the Physiology of the Nyctotherus velox, a Commensal Ciliated Protozoon Taken from the Hindgut of the Tropical Millipede Archispirostreptus gigas. Life. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051110

AUTHORS

10 · 3 CENTRES

Svetlana Kišidayová, Nikola Scholcová, Katarína Mihaliková, Zora Váradyová, Peter Pristaš, Stanislava Weisskopf, Tomáš Chrudimský, Alica Chroňáková, Miloslav Šimek, Vladimír Šustr

1Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 00 Košice, Slovakia
2Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre AS CR, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
3Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre AS CR, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic