Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is closely linked to trophic modes in orchids

BMC Plant Biology · 7 authors, 8 centres

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It found that nutrient concentrations and ratios significantly differ between these modes, with mycoheterotrophic orchids showing a gradual increase in nitrogen and phosphorus and a decrease in carbon-to-nutrient ratios.

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The study applied an ecological stoichiometry framework to 24 temperate orchid species and phosphorus concentration data from 135 species across 45 plant families. Statistical analyses (Welch’s one-way ANOVA and PERMANOVA) compared nutrient values among trophic modes, phylogeny, and climate zones. The central result is that foliar C:N:P stoichiometry significantly differentiates autotrophic (AT), mixotrophic (MX), and mycoheterotrophic (MH) orchids, showing a gradient of increasing N and P concentration and decreasing C:nutrients ratio from AT to MX to MH.

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10496321

Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is closely linked to trophic modes in orchids

BMC Plant Biology

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ABSTRACT

Background Mycorrhiza is a ubiquitous form of symbiosis based on the mutual, beneficial exchange of resources between roots of autotrophic (AT) plants and heterotrophic soil fungi throughout a complex network of fungal mycelium. Mycoheterotrophic (MH) and mixotrophic (MX) plants can parasitise this system, gaining all or some (respectively) required nutrients without known reciprocity to the fungus. We applied, for the first time, an ecological stoichiometry framework to test whether trophic mode of plants influences their elemental carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) composition and may provide clues about their biology and evolution within the framework of mycorrhizal network functioning. Results We analysed C:N:P stoichiometry of 24 temperate orchid species and P concentration of 135 species from 45 plant families sampled throughout temperate and intertropical zones representing the three trophic modes (AT, MX and MH). Welch’s one-way ANOVA and PERMANOVA were used to compare mean nutrient values and their proportions among trophic modes, phylogeny, and climate zones. Nutrient concentration and stoichiometry significantly differentiate trophic modes in orchids. Mean foliar C:N:P stoichiometry showed a gradual increase of N and P concentration and a decrease of C: nutrients ratio along the trophic gradient AT < MX < MH, with surprisingly high P requirements of MH orchids. Although P concentration in orchids showed the trophy-dependent pattern regardless of climatic zone, P concentration was not a universal indicator of trophic modes, as shown by ericaceous MH and MX plants. Conclusion The results imply that there are different evolutionary pathways of adaptation to mycoheterotrophic nutrient acquisition, and that the high nutrient requirements of MH orchids compared to MH plants from other families may represent a higher cost to the fungal partner and consequently lead to the high fungal specificity observed in MH orchids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-023-04436-z.

CITATION EXPORT

Julita Minasiewicz, Adrian Zwolicki, Tomáš Figura et al.. Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is closely linked to trophic modes in orchids. BMC Plant Biology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04436-z

AUTHORS

7 · 8 CENTRES

Julita Minasiewicz, Adrian Zwolicki, Tomáš Figura, Alžběta Novotná, Melissa F. Bocayuva, Jana Jersáková, Marc-André Selosse

1https://ror.org/011dv8m48grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308 Poland
2https://ror.org/011dv8m48grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Faculty of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308 Poland
3https://ror.org/053avzc18grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lesní 322, Průhonice, Czech Republic
4https://ror.org/024d6js02grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, 12844 Czech Republic
5grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Vídeňská, Praha, 1083, 142 20 Czech Republic
6https://ror.org/0409dgb37grid.12799.340000 0000 8338 6359Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP: 36570-900 Brazil
7grid.14509.390000 0001 2166 4904Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760, 37005 Czech Republic
8Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Institut de Systématique, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, CP 39, F-75005 France