SEARCHCROSS-SECTIONALophthalmology, glaucoma

cross-sectional·ophthalmology, glaucoma, epidemiology, public health, nutrition·PMC10239785

The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits: Findings from the UK Biobank

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma · 17 authors, 10 centres

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TL;DR

This cross-sectional study of UK Biobank participants found that alcohol consumption was adversely associated with intraocular pressure, inner retinal layer thickness, and prevalent glaucoma in a dose-dependent manner, with adverse associations apparent at intake below current UK and US drinking guidelines. Mendelian randomization analyses provided evidence for a causal association with macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness.

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This cross-sectional study used UK Biobank data to examine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption and glaucoma-related traits, including intraocular pressure (IOP), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, and prevalent glaucoma. Restricted cubic spline regression suggested nonlinear associations with threshold effects at approximately 50 g/week for retinal measures. The alcohol–IOP association was modified by a glaucoma polygenic risk score (P_interaction < 0.001). Two-sample Mendelian randomization provided evidence for a causal association with mGCIPL thickness.

STUDY TYPE

cross-sectional

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10239785

The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits: Findings from the UK Biobank

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To examine the associations of alcohol consumption with glaucoma and related traits, to assess whether a genetic predisposition to glaucoma modified these associations, and to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments to probe causal effects. Design: Cross-sectional observational and gene–environment interaction analyses in the UK Biobank. Two-sample MR experiments using summary statistics from large genetic consortia. Participants: UK Biobank participants with data on intraocular pressure (IOP) (n = 109 097), OCT-derived macular inner retinal layer thickness measures (n = 46 236) and glaucoma status (n = 173 407). Methods: Participants were categorized according to self-reported drinking behaviors. Quantitative estimates of alcohol intake were derived from touchscreen questionnaires and food composition tables. We performed a 2-step analysis, first comparing categories of alcohol consumption (never, infrequent, regular, and former drinkers) before assessing for a dose-response effect in regular drinkers only. Multivariable linear, logistic, and restricted cubic spline regression, adjusted for key sociodemographic, medical, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, were used to examine associations. We assessed whether any association was modified by a multitrait glaucoma polygenic risk score. The inverse-variance weighted method was used for the main MR analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, and prevalent glaucoma. Results: Compared with infrequent drinkers, regular drinkers had higher IOP (+0.17 mmHg; P < 0.001) and thinner mGCIPL (−0.17 μm; P = 0.049), whereas former drinkers had a higher prevalence of glaucoma (odds ratio, 1.53; P = 0.002). In regular drinkers, alcohol intake was adversely associated with all outcomes in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline regression analyses suggested nonlinear associations, with apparent threshold effects at approximately 50 g (~6 UK or 4 US alcoholic units)/week for mRNFL and mGCIPL thickness. Significantly stronger alcohol–IOP associations were observed in participants at higher genetic susceptibility to glaucoma ( P interaction < 0.001). Mendelian randomization analyses provided evidence for a causal association with mGCIPL thickness. Conclusions: Alcohol intake was consistently and adversely associated with glaucoma and related traits, and at levels below current United Kingdom (< 112 g/week) and United States (women, < 98 g/week; men, < 196 g/week) guidelines. Although we cannot infer causality definitively, these results will be of interest to people with or at risk of glaucoma and their advising physicians. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. Keywords: Alcohol, Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure, OCT, UK Biobank

CITATION EXPORT

Kelsey V Stuart, Robert N Luben, Alasdair N Warwick et al.. The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits: Findings from the UK Biobank. Ophthalmology. Glaucoma. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogla.2022.11.008

AUTHORS

17 · 10 CENTRES

Kelsey V Stuart, Robert N Luben, Alasdair N Warwick, Kian M Madjedi, Praveen J Patel, Mahantesh I Biradar, Zihan Sun, Mark A Chia, Louis R Pasquale, Janey L Wiggs, Jae H Kang, Jihye Kim, Hugues Aschard, Jessica H Tran, Marleen AH Lentjes, Paul J Foster, Anthony P Khawaja

1NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
2MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
3UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
5Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
6Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
7Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
8Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
9Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Computational Biology, Paris, France.
10School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.