SEARCHSYSTEMATIC_REVIEWcardiology, epidemiology

systematic_review·cardiology, epidemiology, public health, systematic review·PMC10121009

The burden of premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of years of life lost

PLOS ONE · 12 authors, 7 centres

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TL;DR

This systematic review of 40 studies quantified premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality using years of life lost (YLL) indicators. The central result is that premature CVD mortality remains a major burden, particularly in middle-income countries, and has not lessened over the past three decades.

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This systematic review synthesized findings from 40 cross-sectional studies that used Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) or Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL) to measure premature CVD mortality. The overall median YPLL and SEYLL rates per 100,000 population were 594.2 and 1357.0, respectively. Rates were low in high-income countries and high in middle-income countries. The findings highlight the persistent and growing burden of premature CVD mortality, especially among men and in lower-income settings, underscoring the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

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systematic_review

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cardiology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10121009

The burden of premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of years of life lost

PLOS ONE

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Premature mortality refers to deaths that occur before the expected age of death in a given population. Years of life lost (YLL) is a standard parameter that is frequently used to quantify some component of an "avoidable" mortality burden. Objective To identify the studies on premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and synthesise their findings on YLL based on the regional area, main CVD types, sex, and study time. Method We conducted a systematic review of published CVD mortality studies that reported YLL as an indicator for premature mortality measurement. A literature search for eligible studies was conducted in five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The synthesis of YLL was grouped into years of potential life lost (YPLL) and standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) using descriptive analysis. These subgroups were further divided into WHO (World Health Organization) regions, study time, CVD type, and sex to reduce the effect of heterogeneity between studies. Results Forty studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Of these, 17 studies reported premature CVD mortality using YPLL, and the remaining 23 studies calculated SEYLL. The selected studies represent all WHO regions except for the Eastern Mediterranean. The overall median YPLL and SEYLL rates per 100,000 population were 594.2 and 1357.0, respectively. The YPLL rate and SEYLL rate demonstrated low levels in high-income countries, including Switzerland, Belgium, Spain, Slovenia, the USA, and South Korea, and a high rate in middle-income countries (including Brazil, India, South Africa, and Serbia). Over the past three decades (1990–2022), there has been a slight increase in the YPLL rate and the SEYLL rate for overall CVD and ischemic heart disease but a slight decrease in the SEYLL rate for cerebrovascular disease. The SEYLL rate for overall CVD demonstrated a notable increase in the Western Pacific region, while the European region has experienced a decline and the American region has nearly reached a plateau. In regard to sex, the male showed a higher median YPLL rate and median SEYLL rate than the female, where the rate in males substantially increased after three decades. Conclusion Estimates from both the YPLL and SEYLL indicators indicate that premature CVD mortality continues to be a major burden for middle-income countries. The pattern of the YLL rate does not appear to have lessened over the past three decades, particularly for men. It is vitally necessary to develop and execute strategies and activities to lessen this mortality gap. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021288415

CITATION EXPORT

Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Tengku Muhammad Hanis et al.. The burden of premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review of years of life lost. PLOS ONE. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283879

AUTHORS

12 · 7 CENTRES

Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Tengku Muhammad Hanis, Nur Hasnah Maamor, Chen Xin Wee, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, Zulkarnain Abdul Karim, Kamarul Imran Musa, Sina Azadnajafabad, Sina Azadnajafabad, Sina Azadnajafabad

1Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
3Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
4Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
5Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
6Office of The Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
7Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN