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TL;DR
It discusses diagnostic approaches and molecular mechanisms—such as ectopic lipid accumulation, ER stress, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress—and proposes IR as a unified therapeutic target.
Frontiers in Endocrinology · 6 authors, 1 centre
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It discusses diagnostic approaches and molecular mechanisms—such as ectopic lipid accumulation, ER stress, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress—and proposes IR as a unified therapeutic target.
It describes IR as a condition of reduced peripheral tissue responsiveness to insulin, often accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. Mechanistic pathways reviewed include ectopic lipid accumulation, ER stress, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and abnormalities in insulin signaling. The authors propose that IR should be considered a therapeutic target for patients with multiple metabolic diseases to enable simultaneous treatment. Lifestyle modification is identified as the most basic and least costly intervention, while emerging molecular mechanisms have led to therapeutic concepts beyond metformin and TZDs.