Life · 3 authors, 1 centre
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This narrative review summarizes research on biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease detectable in ocular tissue, highlighting that optical coherence tomography and related imaging could offer noninvasive, accessible diagnostic and monitoring tools. The review finds ocular biomarkers hold promise but notes that future studies are needed to establish their utility for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
The authors describe AD as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder accounting for 60–70% of all dementias, with current diagnosis relying on clinical assessment supplemented by invasive biomarker testing such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging. The review examines how the eye, as an extension of the central nervous system, may harbor biomarkers detectable through noninvasive imaging modalities including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. The authors summarize emerging evidence that ocular tissue changes may reflect underlying AD pathology, potentially offering affordable and easily accessible diagnostic markers. The authors conclude that future studies are needed to investigate the practical utility of ocular biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment response monitoring in AD.
