SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWpreclinical research, biomedical research

narrative_review·preclinical research, biomedical research, research methods·PMC10467068

The Growing Importance of Three-Dimensional Models and Microphysiological Systems in the Assessment of Mycotoxin Toxicity

Toxins · 6 authors, 3 centres

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This narrative review discusses the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures and animal models for toxicology and evaluates advanced 3D culture models, such as spheroids and organ-on-a-chip systems, as more physiologically relevant alternatives for assessing mycotoxin toxicity.

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This narrative review examines the limitations of conventional 2D cell cultures and animal models for toxicological assessment, citing issues like poor in vivo reflection, ethical concerns, and translational challenges. It highlights the potential of advanced 3D culture models, including spheroids and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems, to better recapitulate in vivo tissue architecture and biological functions, potentially improving the prediction of toxicity. The authors advocate for increased methodological shift and development of user-friendly alternatives to enhance toxicology studies.

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narrative_review

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preclinical research

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10467068

The Growing Importance of Three-Dimensional Models and Microphysiological Systems in the Assessment of Mycotoxin Toxicity

Toxins

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Current investigations in the field of toxicology mostly rely on 2D cell cultures and animal models. Although well-accepted, the traditional 2D cell-culture approach has evident drawbacks and is distant from the in vivo microenvironment. To overcome these limitations, increasing efforts have been made in the development of alternative models that can better recapitulate the in vivo architecture of tissues and organs. Even though the use of 3D cultures is gaining popularity, there are still open questions on their robustness and standardization. In this review, we discuss the current spheroid culture and organ-on-a-chip techniques as well as the main conceptual and technical considerations for the correct establishment of such models. For each system, the toxicological functional assays are then discussed, highlighting their major advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Finally, a focus on the applications of 3D cell culture for mycotoxin toxicity assessments is provided. Given the known difficulties in defining the safety ranges of exposure for regulatory agency policies, we are confident that the application of alternative methods may greatly improve the overall risk assessment. Keywords: alternative methods, 3D culture, spheroids, in vitro toxicology, mycotoxins

CITATION EXPORT

Veronica Zingales, Maria Rosaria Esposito, Noemi Torriero et al.. The Growing Importance of Three-Dimensional Models and Microphysiological Systems in the Assessment of Mycotoxin Toxicity. Toxins. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070422

AUTHORS

6 · 3 CENTRES

Veronica Zingales, Maria Rosaria Esposito, Noemi Torriero, Mercedes Taroncher, Elisa Cimetta, María-José Ruiz

1Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; [email protected]
2Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; [email protected] (M.R.E.); [email protected] (N.T.); [email protected] (E.C.)
3Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Cittá Della Speranza (IRP)—Lab BIAMET, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy