SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWoncology, gastroenterology

narrative_review·oncology, gastroenterology, immunology, preclinical research·PMC10288883

The gut dysbiosis-cancer axis: illuminating novel insights and implications for clinical practice

Frontiers in Pharmacology · 5 authors, 6 centres

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TL;DR

This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how disruptions in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) may contribute to the development and progression of certain cancers and discusses the potential for manipulating the microbiota to improve cancer therapies.

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This narrative review examines the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and cancer. The authors describe how the gut microbiota, in a symbiotic state, co-evolves with the host and helps maintain immune homeostasis, but disruptions can trigger inflammation and tumorigenesis. The review highlights the impact of dysbiosis on the development and progression of specific cancers and discusses microbiota-based therapeutic strategies, such as using antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, to potentially enhance the effectiveness of anticancer therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. The authors conclude that manipulating the gut microbiota could be a future direction in precision oncology, though challenges like microbial complexity and tumor heterogeneity remain.

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narrative_review

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oncology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10288883

The gut dysbiosis-cancer axis: illuminating novel insights and implications for clinical practice

Frontiers in Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT

The human intestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota, comprises more than 100 trillion organisms, mainly bacteria. This number exceeds the host body cells by a factor of ten. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses 60%–80% of the host’s immune cells, is one of the largest immune organs. It maintains systemic immune homeostasis in the face of constant bacterial challenges. The gut microbiota has evolved with the host, and its symbiotic state with the host’s gut epithelium is a testament to this co-evolution. However, certain microbial subpopulations may expand during pathological interventions, disrupting the delicate species-level microbial equilibrium and triggering inflammation and tumorigenesis. This review highlights the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development and progression of certain types of cancers and discusses the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer by manipulating the gut microbiota. By interacting with the host microbiota, we may be able to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer therapies and open new avenues for improving patient outcomes.

CITATION EXPORT

Amer H. Asseri, Tahani Bakhsh, Samah Sulaiman Abuzahrah et al.. The gut dysbiosis-cancer axis: illuminating novel insights and implications for clinical practice. Frontiers in Pharmacology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1208044

AUTHORS

5 · 6 CENTRES

Amer H. Asseri, Tahani Bakhsh, Samah Sulaiman Abuzahrah, Sajad Ali, Irfan A. Rather

1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2 Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
5 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
6 Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia