SEARCHNARRATIVE_REVIEWnutrition, dietetics

narrative_review·nutrition, dietetics, clinical nutrition, endocrinology, internal medicine·PMC10552824

The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · 3 authors, 1 centre

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TL;DR

This narrative review examines evidence on very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) for weight loss, finding they may cause loss of lean mass but can be mitigated by incorporating resistance exercise and adequate protein intake.

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It discusses VLCD utility for rapid weight loss in clinical contexts (e.g., preparing for bariatric surgery) and among athletes, while highlighting risks such as reduced lean and skeletal muscle mass. A minimum protein intake of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day is recommended.

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narrative_review

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nutrition

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10552824

The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose of review Very low-calorie diets (VLCD) are used as a weight loss intervention, but concerns have been raised about their potential negative impact on lean mass. Here, we review the available evidence regarding the effects of VLCD on lean mass and explore their utility and strategies to mitigate reductions in skeletal muscle. Recent findings We observed that VLCD, despite their effects on lean mass, may be suitable in certain populations but have a risk in reducing lean mass. The extent of the reduction in lean mass may depend on various factors, such as the duration and degree of energy deficit of the diet, as well as the individual's starting weight and overall health. Summary VLCD may be a viable option in certain populations; however, priority needs to be given to resistance exercise training, and secondarily to adequate protein intake should be part of this dietary regime to mitigate losing muscle mass. Keywords: energy restriction, muscle mass, resistance exercise training

CITATION EXPORT

Tom Anthonius Hubertus Janssen, Derrick W Van Every, Stuart M Phillips. The impact and utility of very low-calorie diets: the role of exercise and protein in preserving skeletal muscle mass. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000980

AUTHORS

3 · 1 CENTRES

Tom Anthonius Hubertus Janssen, Derrick W Van Every, Stuart M Phillips

1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada