SEARCHCOHORTpublic health, epidemiology

cohort·public health, epidemiology, dermatology, psychiatry, observational study·PMC10179723

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Germany on Mood, Attention Control, Immune Fitness, and Quality of Life of Young Adults with Self-Reported Impaired Wound Healing

Journal of Clinical Medicine · 8 authors, 6 centres

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This observational cohort study used an online survey of 317 young adults in Germany to retrospectively assess mood, attention control, immune fitness, and quality of life across five time points: before the pandemic, two lockdown periods, and two no-lockdown periods during COVID-19. Participants were divided into a group with self-reported impaired wound healing (IWH) and a control group. Central results showed that the IWH group reported significantly lower perceived immune fitness and quality of life than the control group. Within the entire sample, mood, quality of life, and immune fitness were reported as poorer during lockdown periods, with these negative effects being significantly more pronounced among individuals with IWH. Limitations include the reliance on self-reported and retrospective data, which may introduce recall bias, and the use of a convenience sample of young adults, which limits generalizability. The findings suggest that individuals with impaired wound healing may have experienced a greater negative impact from COVID-19 lockdowns, highlighting a need for future research to investigate causal factors and potential interventions.

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cohort

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public health

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10179723

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Germany on Mood, Attention Control, Immune Fitness, and Quality of Life of Young Adults with Self-Reported Impaired Wound Healing

Journal of Clinical Medicine

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ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Previous studies in Dutch young adults revealed that individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing reported poorer mood, increased inattention and impulsivity, poorer quality of life, and poorer immune fitness compared to healthy controls. Another study revealed that the negative impact of lockdowns during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was significantly more profound among the impaired wound healing group than the control group. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend these findings among young adults living in Germany. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted among N = 317 young adults living in Germany, 18–35 years old. They were allocated to the IWH group (N = 66) or the control group (N-251). Participants completed the Attention Control Scale, and mood, quality of life, and immune fitness were assessed with single-item ratings. All assessments were made for (1) the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the first lockdown period, March–May 2020, (3) the first no-lockdown period, summer 2020, (4) the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021, and (5) the second no-lockdown period, summer 2021. Results: The impaired wound healing group reported significantly poorer mood, quality of life, and immune fitness. The effects were evident before the pandemic. The impaired wound healing group scored significantly poorer on attention focusing, but no significant differences between the groups were found for attention shifting. During the pandemic, negative lockdown effects (i.e., further aggravation of mood and immune fitness and lower quality of life) were evident in both groups but significantly more profound in the impaired wound healing group. No differences between the groups were found for the no-lockdown periods. Conclusion: Individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing have significantly poorer mood, attention focusing, and immune fitness and report a poorer quality of life than healthy controls. The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns was significantly more profound in the impaired wound-healing group. Keywords: mood, attention, attention focusing, attention shifting, impaired wound healing, slow healing wounds, wound infection, immune fitness, quality of life

CITATION EXPORT

Jessica Balikji, Anna H Koyun, Pauline A Hendriksen et al.. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Germany on Mood, Attention Control, Immune Fitness, and Quality of Life of Young Adults with Self-Reported Impaired Wound Healing. Journal of Clinical Medicine. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093205

AUTHORS

8 · 6 CENTRES

Jessica Balikji, Anna H Koyun, Pauline A Hendriksen, Pantea Kiani, Ann-Kathrin Stock, Johan Garssen, Maarten M Hoogbergen, Joris C Verster

1Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
2Cognitive Neurophysiology Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, University of Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
3Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
4Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
5Division of Plastic Surgery, Catharina Ziekenhuis, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
6Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia