Antioxidants · 5 authors, 5 centres
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This narrative review discusses the dual role of the NRF2 transcription factor in cancer, concluding it can act as both a tumor suppressor in early stages and a promoter of tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance in advanced stages.
This is a narrative review synthesizing preclinical and mechanistic findings on the transcription factor NRF2. The authors discuss NRF2's dual role in cancer: it can protect against early carcinogenesis by regulating antioxidant responses, but elevated NRF2 in advanced tumors promotes cell survival, metabolic remodeling, resistance to apoptosis, and metastasis. The review explores NRF2's involvement in cancer stem cells, tumor immunology, and long non-coding RNAs. It highlights the paradox that while NRF2 inhibitors could sensitize tumors to therapy, they might also impair beneficial immune responses. A key limitation noted is that the precise mechanisms of NRF2 modulators remain unknown or non-specific, limiting their clinical application.
