Thyroid Hormone Signaling Is Required for Dynamic Variation in Opsins in the Retina during Metamorphosis of the Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus )

Biology · 8 authors, 5 centres

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TL;DR

This laboratory study investigated thyroid hormone regulation of opsin gene expression in Japanese flounder larvae during metamorphosis. The central result is that thyroid hormone positively regulates the expression of specific opsin genes (*rh*1, *lws*, and *sws*2*aβ*), suggesting it plays a key role in visual system remodeling.

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The study used cellular molecular biology experiments to investigate thyroid hormone (TH) function in visual remodeling during Japanese flounder metamorphosis. Results showed opsin gene expression was highest in eye tissue and varied with metamorphosis; expression of *rh*1, *sws*2*aβ*, and *lws* was positively regulated by exogenous TH and inhibited by thiourea (TU) compared to controls. Rescue experiments showed a significant increase in *sws*2*aβ* and *lws* in TU-treated larvae given seawater or TH (p < 0.05). T3 levels increased with TH and decreased with TU. Limitations include the preclinical, animal model nature of the study, and the need for further experimental verification of the proposed receptor-mediated mechanism. The findings demonstrate TH's regulatory role in opsin expression during flounder metamorphosis.

STUDY TYPE

other

SPECIALTY

ophthalmology

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10044895

Thyroid Hormone Signaling Is Required for Dynamic Variation in Opsins in the Retina during Metamorphosis of the Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus )

Biology

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ABSTRACT

Simple Summary Fish adapt to changes in their external light environment by adjusting their visual system. Fish that live at different depths can perceive different spectral ranges, leading to differences in the type and expression of their optic proteins. The Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) is a valuable cold temperate benthic marine fish that undergoes a series of metamorphoses during its juvenile stage. The vision of flounder larvae is reshaped to adapt to changes in their light environment. Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is critical for flounder metamorphosis. In the present study, we investigated the tissue composition and the metamorphosis temporal expression profile of five opsin genes in flounder larvae. We also investigated the effect of TH on the opsin genes’ expression levels by adding TH and thiourea (a TH inhibitor, TU) to the culture water. In addition, we investigated the thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-mediated targeting regulatory relationship between TH and the opsin genes to further explore the function of TH in visual remodeling during flounder metamorphosis. Abstract In the present study, we investigated the function of thyroid hormones (TH) in visual remodeling during Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) metamorphosis through cellular molecular biology experiments. Our results showed that the expression of the five opsin genes of the flounder were highest in eye tissue and varied with the metamorphosis process. The expression of rh 1, sws 2 aβ and lws was positively regulated by exogenous TH, but inhibited by thiourea (TU) compared to the control group. In addition, there was a significant increase in sws 2 aβ and lws in the rescue experiments performed with TU-treated larvae ( p < 0.05). Meanwhile, T3 levels in flounder larvae were increased by TH and decreased by TU. Based on the differences in the expression of the three isoforms of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) (Trαa, Trαb and Trβ), we further hypothesized that T3 may directly or indirectly regulate the expression of sws 2 aβ through Trαa. This study demonstrates the regulatory role of TH in opsins during flounder metamorphosis and provides a basis for further investigation on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the retinal photoreceptor system in flounders.

CITATION EXPORT

Yaxin Shi, Yang Shi, Wenyao Ji et al.. Thyroid Hormone Signaling Is Required for Dynamic Variation in Opsins in the Retina during Metamorphosis of the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Biology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12030397

AUTHORS

8 · 5 CENTRES

Yaxin Shi, Yang Shi, Wenyao Ji, Xike Li, Zhiyi Shi, Jilun Hou, Wenjuan Li, Yuanshuai Fu

1Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
4Shanghai Food Research Institute, Shanghai 200235, China
5Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China

EDITOR / REVIEWER

Cristiano Bertolucci