Tools and basic procedures of gene manipulation in nematode-trapping fungi

Mycology · 2 authors, 2 centres

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TL;DR

The review reports that only PEG-mediated protoplast transformation and ATMT have been successfully established in NTF to date.

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This narrative review by Wang and Liu summarizes the development and application of gene manipulation tools in nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), organisms studied both as models for fungal lifestyle transitions and as biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes. The authors describe two transformation methods established in NTF: PEG-mediated protoplast transformation, first developed in Arthrobotrys oligospora in 1999, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. For random gene mutagenesis, the REMI method was first applied in A. oligospora and later in Monacrosporium sphaeroides, while ATMT also serves as a random mutagenesis approach. The review notes that tools such as inducible promoters, auxotrophic markers, transposon-arrayed gene knockout, plasmid-form CRISPR, and RNAi strategies still need establishment in NTF.

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narrative_review

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research methods

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ORIGINAL PAPER

PMC10161953

Tools and basic procedures of gene manipulation in nematode-trapping fungi

Mycology

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ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are the majority of carnivorous microbes to capture nematodes through diverse and sophisticated trapping organs derived from hyphae. They can adopt carnivorous lifestyles in addition to saprophytism to obtain extra-nutrition from nematodes. As a special group of fungi, the NTF are not only excellent model organism for studying lifestyle transition of fungi but also natural resources of exploring biological control of nematodes. However, the carnivorous mechanism of NTF remains poorly understood. Nowadays, the omics studies of NTF have provided numerous genes and pathways that are associated with the phenotypes of carnivorous traits, which need molecular tools to verify. Here, we review the development and progress of gene manipulation tools in NTF, including methodology and strategy of transformation, random gene mutagenesis methods and target gene mutagenesis methods. The principle and practical approach for each method was summarized and discussed, and the basic operational flow for each tool was described. This paper offers a clear reference and instruction for researchers who work on NTF as well as other group of fungi.

CITATION EXPORT

Shunxian Wang, Xingzhong Liu. Tools and basic procedures of gene manipulation in nematode-trapping fungi. Mycology. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2023.2165186

AUTHORS

2 · 2 CENTRES

Shunxian Wang, Xingzhong Liu

aState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
bState Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China